Isingeniso: Isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri lamandla (i-BMS) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nempilo yesevisi yamaphakethe ebhethri lemoto kagesi kanye nokukhulisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yebhethri.Ngokuvamile, i-voltage ngayinye, isamba sikagesi, inani lamanje kanye nezinga lokushisa liyagadwa futhi lithathwe isampula ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi amapharamitha esikhathi sangempela abuyiselwa kusilawuli semoto.
Uma uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri lamandla lwehluleka, ukugadwa kwebhethri kuzolahleka, futhi nesimo sokushajwa kwebhethri ngeke silinganiswe.ngisho nokuphepha kokushayela.
Okulandelayo kuklelisa izinhlobo zamaphutha ezivamile zezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri lamandla emoto kagesi, futhi kuhlaziya kafushane izimbangela zazo ezingaba khona, futhi kunikeze imibono yokuhlaziya evamile nezindlela zokucubungula ukuze kusetshenziswe inkomba.
Izinhlobo zamaphutha ajwayelekile nezindlela zokwelashwa zesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri lamandla
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamaphutha zohlelo lokulawulwa kwebhethri lamandla (BMS) zifaka: Iphutha lokuxhumana kwesistimu ye-CAN, i-BMS ukungasebenzi kahle, ukutholwa kwamandla kagesi okungavamile, ukutholwa kwezinga lokushisa elingavamile, iphutha lokuhlukanisa, iphutha eliphelele lesilinganiso samandla kagesi sangaphakathi nangaphandle, iphutha lokushaja ngaphambili, ukungakwazi ukushaja. , iphutha lesibonisi samanje elingavamile, ukwehluleka kwe-interlock kagesi ephezulu, njll.
1. INGABE ukwehluleka ukuxhumana
Uma ikhebula le-CAN noma ikhebula lamandla linqanyulwa, noma itheminali ihoxiswa, izobangela ukwehluleka ukuxhumana.Esimeni sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okujwayelekile kwe-BMS, lungisa i-multimeter kugiya le-voltage ye-DC, thinta umthofu wokuhlola obomvu oya ku-CANH yangaphakathi, bese uvivinya olumnyama luholele ukuthinta i-CANL yangaphakathi, bese ukala i-voltage ephumayo ye-CANH. ulayini wokuxhumana, okungukuthi, i-voltage phakathi kwe-CANH ne-CANL ngaphakathi komugqa wokuxhumana.Ivelu ye-voltage evamile imayelana no-1 kuya ku-5V.Uma inani lamandla kagesi lingavamile, kungase kuthiwe ihadiwe ye-BMS inephutha futhi idinga ukushintshwa.
2. I-BMS ayisebenzi kahle
Lapho lesi simo senzeka, izici ezilandelayo zingacatshangelwa ngokuyinhloko:
(1) I-voltage yokuphakelwa kukagesi ye-BMS: Okokuqala, linganisa ukuthi amandla kagesi emoto aya ku-BMS anokukhipha okuzinzile yini kusixhumi semoto.
(2) Ukuxhumeka okungathembeki kolayini be-CAN noma ulayini wamandla kagesi aphansi: Uxhumano olungathembekile lolayini we-CAN noma ulayini wokuphuma kwamandla kuzodala ukwehluleka ukuxhumana.Ulayini wokuxhumana kanye nolayini wamandla osuka ebhodini elikhulu ukuya ebhodini lezigqila noma ibhodi le-high-voltage kufanele lihlolwe.Uma ihhanisi lezintambo ezinqanyuliwe litholakala, kufanele lishintshwe noma lixhunywe kabusha.
(3) Ukuhoxiswa noma ukulimala kwesixhumi: Ukuhoxiswa kwepulagi yendiza yokuxhumana ene-voltage ephansi kuzobangela ukuthi ibhodi lesigqila lingabi namandla noma idatha evela ebhodini lezigqila ukuthi ingakwazi ukudluliselwa ebhodini elikhulu.Ipulaki nesixhumi kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kushintshwe uma kutholakala ukuthi kuhoxisiwe noma konakele.
(4) Lawula ibhodi eliyinhloko: esikhundleni sebhodi lokuqapha, futhi ngemva kokushintshwa, iphutha liyaqedwa futhi kunqunywa ukuthi kunenkinga ngebhodi elikhulu.
3. Ukuthola amandla kagesi okungejwayelekile
Lapho ukutholwa kwamandla kagesi okungavamile kwenzeka, lezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:
(1) Ibhethri ngokwalo lingaphansi kwe-voltage: qhathanisa inani le-voltage yokuqapha nevelu ye-voltage elinganiswa i-multimeter, bese ubuyisela ibhethri ngemva kokuqinisekiswa.
(2) Amabhawodi aqinisayo axegayo wamatheminali entambo yokuqoqa noma ukuthintana kahle phakathi kolayini wokuqoqa namatheminali: Amabhawudi axegayo noma ukuthintana kabi phakathi kwamatheminali kuzoholela ekuqoqweni kwamandla kagesi okungalungile kweseli eyodwa.Ngalesi sikhathi, nyakazisa amatheminali eqoqo ngobumnene, futhi ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthintana ompofu, qinisa noma shintsha amatheminali eqoqo.Intambo.
(3) I-fuse yomugqa wokuqoqa yonakalisiwe: linganisa ukumelana kwe-fuse, uma ingaphezulu kwe-l S2, idinga ukushintshwa.
(4) Inkinga yokutholwa kwebhodi lezigqila: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage eqoqiwe ayihambisani ne-voltage yangempela.Uma i-voltage eqoqiwe yamanye amabhodi ezigqila ihambisana ne-voltage yebhethri, kuyadingeka ukuthi kushintshwe ibhodi lezigqila futhi kuqoqwe idatha ekusayithi, funda idatha yephutha lomlando, futhi uhlaziye.
4. Iqoqo lokushisa elingavamile
Uma kwenzeka ukuqoqwa kwezinga lokushisa okungavamile, gxila kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukuhluleka kwenzwa yezinga lokushisa: Uma idatha eyodwa yezinga lokushisa ingekho, hlola ipulaki ye-butt emaphakathi.Uma kungekho ukuxhumana okungavamile, kunganqunywa ukuthi inzwa ilimele futhi ingashintshwa.
(2) Uxhumo lwezintambo zenzwa yezinga lokushisa alithembeki: Hlola ipulaki yezinqe ezimaphakathi noma ihhanisi lezintambo zenzwa yezinga lokushisa lembobo yokulawula, uma itholakala ixega noma iwa, intambo yokubopha izintambo kufanele ishintshwe.
(3) Kukhona ukwehluleka kwe-hardware ku-BMS: Ukuqapha kuthola ukuthi i-BMS ayikwazi ukuqoqa izinga lokushisa lechweba lonke, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi intambo yokubopha izintambo ukusuka kumahhanisi okulawula ukuya ku-adaptha kuya ku-probe yenzwa yokushisa ngokuvamile ixhunyiwe, bese inganqunywa njengenkinga ye-BMS hardware, futhi ibhodi lesigqila elihambisanayo kufanele lishintshwe.
(4) Ukuthi ukulayisha kabusha ukunikezwa kwamandla ngemva kokufaka ibhodi lesigqila: Layisha kabusha ukunikezwa kwamandla ngemva kokushintsha ibhodi lezigqila elingalungile, ngaphandle kwalokho inani lokuqapha lizobonisa ukungavamile.
5. Ukuhluleka kwe-insulation
Ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwebhethri lamandla, umgogodla wangaphakathi wesixhumi sezintambo ezisebenzayo umufishaniswa ne-casing yangaphandle, kanti ulayini we-high-voltage wonakalisiwe futhi umzimba wemoto unomjikelezo omfushane, okuzoholela ekwehlulekeni kokufakwa kwe-insulation. .Ngenxa yalesi simo, izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukuxilongwa nokugcinwa:
(1) Ukuvuza komthwalo wamandla kagesi aphezulu: Nqamula i-DC/DC, i-PCU, ishaja, i-air conditioner, njll. ngokulandelana kuze kube yilapho iphutha selixazululiwe, bese ubuyisela izingxenye ezinephutha.
(2) Imigqa ye-high-voltage eyonakele noma izixhumi: sebenzisa i-megohmmeter ukuze ulinganise, futhi ubeke esikhundleni ngemva kokuhlola nokuqinisekisa.
(3) Amanzi ebhokisini lebhethri noma ukuvuza kwebhethri: Lahla ingaphakathi lebhokisi lebhethri noma shintsha ibhethri.
(4) Ulayini wokuqoqa amandla kagesi owonakele: Hlola ulayini wokuqoqa ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuvuza ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lebhethri, bese uwubuyisela esikhundleni uma kukhona umonakalo otholakalayo.
(5) I-alamu yamanga yebhodi ephezulu yamandla kagesi: buyisela ibhodi le-high-voltage, futhi ngemva kokushintshwa, iphutha lisusiwe, futhi iphutha lokuthola ibhodi le-high-voltage linqunywa.
6. Ukuhluleka kokutholwa kwe-voltage ye-Nesab isiyonke
Izimbangela zokuhluleka kokutholwa kwengqikithi kagesi zingahlukaniswa zibe: ukuxega noma ukuwa phakathi kolayini wokutholwa kanye netheminali, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kokutholwa kwamandla kagesi;inati elixegayo eliholela ekushiseni nasekuhlulekeni okuphelele kokutholwa kwamandla kagesi;ukuxega kwezixhumi zamandla kagesi aphezulu okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvutha nokutholwa kwengqikithi kagesi;
(1) Uxhumano lwetheminali kuzo zombili iziphetho zengqikithi yolayini wokuqoqa amandla kagesi aluthembeki: sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ingqikithi kagesi wendawo yokuthola futhi uyiqhathanise nengqikithi kagesi yokuqapha, bese uhlola isekethe yokuthola ukuze uthole ukuthi uxhumano ayithembekile, futhi uyiqinise noma uyishintshe.
(2) Ukuxhumeka okungavamile kwesekethe ye-voltage ephezulu: sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze ulinganise ingcindezi ephelele yendawo yokuthola kanye nokucindezela okuphelele kwendawo yokuqapha, bese uqhathanisa, bese uhlola ukushintshwa kokulungisa, amabhawodi, izixhumi, umshwalense, njll. .kusuka endaweni yokutholwa ngokushintshana, bese uwashintsha uma kukhona okungavamile okutholakele.
(3) Ukuhluleka kokutholwa kwebhodi lamandla kagesi aphezulu: Qhathanisa ingcindezi ephelele yangempela nengcindezi ephelele egadiwe.Ngemuva kokufaka esikhundleni sebhodi le-high-voltage, uma ukucindezela okuphelele kubuyela kokujwayelekile, kunganqunywa ukuthi ibhodi le-high-voltage lingalungile futhi kufanele lishintshwe.
7. Ukwehluleka kokushajwa kwangaphambili
Izizathu zokwehluleka ukushaja kwangaphambili zingahlukaniswa zibe: itheminali yokuqoqa isamba samandla kagesi yangaphandle iyaxega futhi iyawa, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokushajwa kwangaphambili;umugqa oyinhloko wokulawula ibhodi awunayo i-voltage engu-12V, okubangela ukuthi i-relay yangaphambi kokushaja ingavali;ukumelana nokushajwa kwangaphambili konakele futhi ukushajwa kwangaphambili kwehlulekile.Kuhlanganiswe nemoto yangempela, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngokwezigaba ezilandelayo.
(1) Ukwehluleka kwezingxenye zangaphandle zamandla kagesi aphezulu: Lapho i-BMS ibika iphutha lokushajwa ngaphambilini, ngemva kokunqamula inani eliphelele eliphozithivu nenegethivu isiyonke, uma ukushajwa kwangaphambilini kuphumelela, iphutha libangelwa izingxenye zangaphandle zamandla kagesi aphezulu.Hlola ibhokisi le-high-voltage junction kanye ne-PCU ezigabeni.
(2) Inkinga yebhodi enkulu ayikwazi ukuvala i-relay yokushajwa ngaphambilini: hlola ukuthi i-relay yangaphambi kokushaja inawo amandla kagesi angu-12V, uma kungenjalo, buyisela ibhodi elikhulu.Uma ukushaja kwangaphambili kuphumelela ngemva kokushintshwa, kunqunywa ukuthi ibhodi eliyinhloko linephutha.
(3) Ukulimala kwe-fuse eyinhloko noma isikhali sokushaja ngaphambili: kala ukuqhubeka nokumelana kwe-fuse yokushajwa ngaphambilini, bese ufaka esikhundleni uma kungavamile.
(4) Ukwehluleka ukutholwa kokucindezela okuphelele kwangaphandle kwebhodi lamandla kagesi aphezulu: Ngemuva kokuthi ibhodi lamandla kagesi lishintshiwe, ukushajwa kwangaphambili kuyaphumelela, futhi iphutha lebhodi lamandla kagesi aphezulu linganqunywa, futhi lingaba kufakwe esikhundleni.
8. Ayikwazi ukushaja
Isenzakalo sokungakwazi ukushaja singafingqwa ngezimo ezimbili ezilandelayo: esokuqala ukuthi amatheminali olayini we-CAN kuzo zombili iziphetho zesixhumi ayahoxiswa noma awiswe, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuxhumana phakathi kwebhodi lomama neshaja, okuholela ekungakwazini ukushaja;okunye ukuthi umonakalo womshwalense oshajayo uzodala ukuthi isekethe yokushaja ihluleke ukwakheka., ukushaja akukwazi ukuqedelwa.Uma imoto ingakwazi ukukhokhiswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemoto kwangempela, ungaqala kulezi zici ezilandelayo ukuze ulungise iphutha:
(1) Ishaja nebhodi elikhulu akuxhumani ngokujwayelekile: sebenzisa ithuluzi ukufunda idatha yokusebenza yohlelo lwe-CAN lwemoto yonke.Uma ingekho ishaja noma idatha yokusebenza ye-BMS, hlola ihhanisi yezintambo zokuxhumana ze-CAN ngokushesha.Uma isixhumi singaxhumene kahle noma ulayini uphazamisekile, qhubeka ngokushesha.ukulungisa.
(2) Iphutha leshaja noma ibhodi elikhulu alikwazi ukuqala ngokujwayelekile: shintsha ishaja noma ibhodi elikhulu, bese ulayisha kabusha i-voltage.Uma ingakhokhiswa ngemva kokushintshwa, kunganqunywa ukuthi ishaja noma ibhodi elikhulu linephutha.
(3) I-BMS ithola iphutha futhi ayikuvumeli ukushaja: yahlulela uhlobo lwephutha ngokuqapha, bese uxazulula iphutha kuze kube yimpumelelo ukushaja.
(4) I-fuse yokushaja yonakele futhi ayikwazi ukwenza isekethe yokushaja: sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze uthole ukuqhubeka kwe-fuse yokushaja, futhi uyishintshe ngokushesha uma ingakwazi ukuvuleka.
9. Isibonisi samanje esingavamile
Itheminali yesistimu yokulawula ibhethri yokulawula izintambo iyawa noma ibhawodi liyaxega, futhi ingaphezulu letheminali noma ibhawudi liyakhishwa nge-oxidized, okuzoholela kumaphutha amanje.Uma isibonisi samanje singavamile, ukufakwa komugqa weqoqo wamanje kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuphelele futhi ngokuningiliziwe.
(1) Ulayini wamanje wokuqoqa awuxhunyiwe kahle: ngalesi sikhathi, imisinga emihle nebi izohlehliswa, futhi ukushintshwa kungenziwa;
(2) Ukuxhumeka komugqa wamanje wokuqoqwa akuthembeki: okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi isifunda se-voltage ephezulu sinomsinga ozinzile, futhi lapho umshini wokuqapha ushintshashintsha kakhulu, hlola umugqa wamanje wokuqoqa kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-shunt, futhi uqinise. amabhawodi ngokushesha uma etholakala ekhululekile.
(3) Thola i-oxidation yendawo yetheminali: Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi isekethe ye-voltage ephezulu ine-current ezinzile, futhi uma i-monitor yokuqapha iphansi kakhulu kunomsinga wangempela, thola ukuthi kukhona yini ungqimba lwe-oxide ebusweni itheminali noma ibhawudi, futhi uphathe indawo engaphezulu uma ikhona.
(4) Ukutholwa okungavamile kwamandla ebhodi anamandla: Ngemva kokunqamula iswishi yokulungisa, uma inani lamanje lokuqapha lingaphezu kuka-0 noma 2A, ukutholwa kwamanje kwebhodi elinamandla kagesi akuvamile, futhi ibhodi lamandla kagesi aphezulu kufanele lishintshwe. .
10. Ukwehluleka kwe-interlock ephezulu kagesi
Uma igiya le-ON livuliwe, linganisa ukuthi ingabe kukhona okokufaka kwamandla kagesi aphezulu lapha, hlola ukuthi amatheminali angu-4 axhunywe ngokuqinile, futhi ulinganise ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini i-voltage engu-12V ekugcineni kokushayela (intambo encane iyintambo yokushayela kagesi).Ngokwesimo esithile, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:
(1) Iphutha le-DC/DC: linganisa ipulaki yomoya ye-DC/DC ephezulu ye-voltage ukuze ubone ukuthi ikhona yini i-voltage ephezulu yesikhashana uma igiya le-ON livuliwe, uma likhona, kunqunywa ukuthi libe yi-DC/ Iphutha le-DC futhi kufanele lishintshwe.
(2) Amatheminali e-DC/DC relay awaxhunywanga ngokuqinile: hlola amatheminali kagesi aphezulu naphansi we-relay, futhi uxhume kabusha amatheminali uma engathembekile.
(3) Ukwehluleka kwebhodi elikhulu noma ibhodi ye-adaptha kubangela ukuthi i-DC/DC relay ingavali: Kala ukuphela kokushayela kukagesi we-DC/DC relay, vula i-ON block futhi awekho amandla kagesi angu-12V isikhathi esifushane, bese ushintsha ibhodi elikhulu noma i-adaptha board.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-04-2022