Ukuhlalisana kwabantu nemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme yomnotho wembulunga yonke kwenza abantu balangazelele ukufuna indlela yokuthutha ekhipha umoya omncane kanye nezinsiza, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi ngokungangabazeki kuyisixazululo esithembisayo.
Izimoto zikagesi zesimanje ziyimikhiqizo ebanzi ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuphezulu obufana nogesi, izinto zikagesi, ukulawulwa kwemishini, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, nobuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali.Ukusebenza kukonke, umnotho, njll. okokuqala kuncike ohlelweni lwebhethri kanye nesistimu yokulawula ukushayela.Isistimu yokushayela imoto yemoto kagesi ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko, okuyisilawuli.Iziguquli zamandla, izinjini nezinzwa.Njengamanje, amamotho asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ama-DC motors, ama-induction motors, ama-switched reluctance motors, nama-brushless motors ahlala unomphela.
1. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zezimoto zikagesi zamamotho kagesi
Ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi, ngokungafani nezicelo ezijwayelekile zezimboni, kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, izidingo zesistimu yokushayela ziphezulu kakhulu.
1.1 Izimoto zezimoto zikagesi kufanele zibe nezici zamandla amakhulu asheshayo, umthamo oqinile wokugcwala ngokweqile, i-overload coefficient engu-3 kuya ku-4), ukusebenza kahle kokusheshisa nokuphila isikhathi eside.
1.2 Izimoto zezimoto zikagesi kufanele zibe nohlu olubanzi lokulawula isivinini, okuhlanganisa indawo yetorque engashintshi kanye nendawo yamandla ehlala njalo.Endaweni ye-torque eqhubekayo, i-torque ephezulu iyadingeka lapho igijima ngesivinini esiphansi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuqala nokukhuphuka;endaweni yamandla engashintshi, isivinini esikhulu siyadingeka lapho i-torque ephansi idingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu emigwaqweni eyisicaba.Dinga.
1.3 Injini kagesi yezimoto zikagesi kufanele ikwazi ukubona ukubhuleka okuvuselelayo lapho imoto yehla, ilulame futhi ibuyisela amandla ebhethrini, ukuze imoto kagesi ibe nenani elingcono kakhulu lokusebenzisa amandla, elingenakufinyelelwa emotweni yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. .
1.4 Injini kagesi yezimoto zikagesi kufanele ibe nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kulo lonke uhla lokusebenza, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ibanga lokuhamba lokushaja okukodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi imoto kagesi yezimoto zikagesi inokwethenjelwa okuhle, ingasebenza isikhathi eside endaweni enokhahlo, inesakhiwo esilula futhi ifanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, inomsindo ophansi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa. futhi silondoloze, futhi ishibhile.
Izinhlobo ezi-2 nezindlela zokulawula zezimoto zikagesi zezimoto zikagesi
2.1 DC
Ama-Motor Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-brushed DC motors ukulawula okulula kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe.Inezici ezinhle zokulawula ezingenakuqhathaniswa namamotho e-AC.Ezimotweni zikagesi ezithuthukisiwe, ama-DC motors asetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ngisho namanje, ezinye izimoto zikagesi zisaqhutshwa ama-DC motors.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamabhulashi kanye nabagibeli bemishini, akukhawuli nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komthamo wokugcwala kwemoto kanye nesivinini, kodwa futhi kudinga ukugcinwa njalo nokushintshwa kwamabhulashi nabagibeli uma isebenza isikhathi eside.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukulahlekelwa kukhona ku-rotor, kunzima ukukhipha ukushisa, okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-motor torque-to-mass ratio.Uma kubhekwa lezi zinkinga ezingenhla zama-DC motors, ama-DC motors empeleni awasetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi ezisanda kwakhiwa.
2.2 I-AC enezigaba ezintathu zokungenisa injini
2.2.1 Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-AC motor yezigaba ezintathu zokungenisa
Amamotho e-AC ezigaba ezintathu angawo asetshenziswa kakhulu.I-stator ne-rotor i-laminated ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, futhi azikho izindandatho ze-slip, ama-commutators nezinye izakhi ezithintana phakathi kwe-stators.Isakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuqina.Ukumbozwa kwamandla we-AC induction motor kubanzi kakhulu, futhi ijubane lifinyelela ku-12000 ~ 15000r/min.Ukupholisa komoya noma ukupholisa uketshezi kungasetshenziswa, ngezinga eliphezulu lenkululeko yokupholisa.Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kahle endaweni futhi ingakwazi ukubona ukubhuleka kwempendulo yokuvuselela.Uma kuqhathaniswa namandla afanayo e-DC motor, ukusebenza kahle kuphakeme, ikhwalithi yehliswa cishe ngesigamu, intengo ishibhile, futhi ukugcinwa kulula.
2.2.2 Uhlelo lokulawula
ye-AC induction motor Ngoba i-AC yesigaba sesithathu ye-induction motor ayikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile amandla e-DC ahlinzekwa yibhethri, futhi i-AC yezigaba ezintathu ze-induction motor inezici zokuphuma ezingaqondile.Ngakho-ke, emotweni kagesi esebenzisa i-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa idivayisi yamandla e-semiconductor ku-inverter ukuguqula okwamanje okuqondile kube imanje elishintshayo okungashintshwa imvamisa kanye ne-amplitude ukuze ukwazi ukulawula i-AC. injini yezigaba ezintathu.Kukhona ikakhulukazi indlela yokulawula i-v/f kanye nendlela yokulawula imvamisa yokushelela.
Kusetshenziswa indlela yokulawula i-vector, imvamisa yamanje eshintshanayo yokuvunguza okuvusa amadlingozi kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor kanye nokulungiswa kwetheminali okokufaka kwe-AC yezigaba ezintathu ze-motor induction kuyalawulwa, ukugeleza kazibuthe kanye ne-torque yensimu kazibuthe ezungezayo. ye-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor iyalawulwa, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor kuyenzeka.Ijubane ne-torque ephumayo ingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimpawu zokushintsha umthwalo, futhi ingathola ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kakhulu, ukuze i-AC yezigaba ezintathu ze-induction motor isetshenziswe kabanzi ezimotweni zikagesi.
2.2.3 Amaphutha
I-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor kukhulu, futhi i-rotor kulula ukuyishisa.Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho imoto izolimala.Isici samandla se-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor siphansi, ukuze isici samandla okufakwayo wedivayisi yokuguqula imvamisa kanye nedivayisi yokuguqula i-voltage nayo iphansi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa yomthamo omkhulu kanye nedivayisi yokuguqula i-voltage.Izindleko zesistimu yokulawula ye-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor iphakeme kakhulu kune-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor ngokwayo, okwandisa izindleko zemoto kagesi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwejubane kwe-AC yesigaba sesithathu se-induction motor nakho kubi.
2.3 Unomphela uzibuthe oyi-brushless DC motor
2.3.1 Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kozibuthe unomphela brushless DC motor
I-Permanent magnet brushless DC motor iyinjini esebenza kahle kakhulu.Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi inezici zangaphandle ze-DC motor ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sokuxhumana esisebenza ngamabhulashi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithatha i-rotor yamagnetic unomphela, futhi akukho ukulahlekelwa okuthakazelisayo: i-armature winding evuthayo ifakwe ku-stator yangaphandle, okulula ukuqeda ukushisa.Ngakho-ke, i-DC motor unomphela uzibuthe ayinazo izinhlansi zokuhamba, akukho ukuphazamiseka komsakazo, impilo ende nokusebenza okuthembekile., ukugcinwa okulula.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane layo alinqunyelwe ukushintshashintsha kwemishini, futhi uma kusetshenziswa ama-air bearings noma ama-magnetic suspension bearings, ingagijima ifike kumakhulu ambalwa ezinkulungwane zamarevolution ngomzuzu.Uma iqhathaniswa nozibuthe unomphela ibrushless DC motor system, inomthamo omkhulu wamandla nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi inethuba elihle lokufaka isicelo ezimotweni zikagesi.
2.3.2 Uhlelo lokulawula lwe-DC motor unomphela uzibuthe
Uzibuthe ojwayelekile unomphela oyi-brushless DC motor iyisistimu yokulawula i-vector eyi-quasi-decoupling.Njengoba uzibuthe unomphela angakhiqiza insimu kazibuthe engaguquki kuphela, isistimu yemoto kazibuthe ye-DC unomphela ibaluleke kakhulu.Ilungele ukusebenza endaweni ye-torque engashintshi, ngokuvamile isebenzisa isilawuli samanje se-hysteresis noma indlela yamanje yohlobo lwempendulo ye-SPWM ukuze iqedelwe.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini, i-DC motor unomphela uzibuthe ingasebenzisa isilawuli esenza buthaka.Ingqikithi yokulawula ukwenza buthaka kwenkambu iwukuqhubekisela phambili i-engeli yesigaba sesigaba samanje ukuze kuhlinzekwe amandla okukhipha kazibuthe e-axis aqondile ukuze enze buthaka ukuxhumana kwe-flux kumajika e-stator.
2.3.3 Ukushoda kwe
I-Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor I-DC motor unomphela ozibuthe eyi-brushless DC iyathinteka futhi ivinjelwe inqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo zikazibuthe, eyenza ububanzi bamandla we-DC motor unomphela ozibuthe bube buncane, futhi amandla aphezulu angamashumi ama-kilowatts kuphela.Lapho izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela zingaphansi kokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomthwalo wamanje omningi, ukungena kwawo kazibuthe kungase kwehle noma kunciphe, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwemoto kazibuthe unomphela, futhi kulimaze injini ezimeni ezinzima.Ukulayisha ngokweqile akwenzeki.Kumodi yamandla engaguquki, i-DC motor unomphela ozibuthe i-brushless DC iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga uhlelo lokulawula oluyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza uhlelo lokushayela lwe-magnetic brashiless DC motor lubize kakhulu.
2.4 I-Switched Reluctance Motor
2.4.1 Ukusebenza Okuyisisekelo KweMoto Eshintshayo Engafuni
I-switched reluctance motor iwuhlobo olusha lwenjini.Uhlelo lunezici eziningi ezicacile: isakhiwo salo silula kunanoma iyiphi enye imoto, futhi azikho izindandatho zokushelela, ama-windings kanye nozibuthe unomphela ku-rotor ye-motor, kodwa kuphela ku-stator.Kukhona ukugoqa okugxilile okugxilile, iziphetho ze-winding zifushane, futhi akukho jumper ye-interphase, okulula ukuyigcina nokuyilungisa.Ngakho-ke, ukwethembeka kuhle, futhi isivinini singafinyelela ku-15000 r / min.Ukusebenza kahle kungafinyelela ku-85% kuya ku-93%, okungaphezulu kwalokho kwe-AC induction motors.Ukulahlekelwa ikakhulukazi ku-stator, futhi injini kulula ukuyipholisa;i-rotor iyizibuthe unomphela, onobubanzi obubanzi bokulawula isivinini kanye nokulawula okuguquguqukayo, okulula ukufeza izidingo ezikhethekile ezikhethekile zezici ze-torque-speed, futhi igcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ebangeni elibanzi.Ifaneleka kakhulu izidingo zokusebenza kwamandla ezimoto zikagesi.
2.4.2 Ukushintsha uhlelo lokulawula izinjini ezinqena
I-switched reluctance motor inezinga eliphezulu lezimpawu ezingaqondile, ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwayo lokushayela luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Isistimu yayo yokulawula ihlanganisa isiguquli samandla.
a.Ukusonga okujabulisayo kwenjini eshintshayo yokungabaza yesiguquli samandla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-current eya phambili noma i-reverse current, isiqondiso se-torque sihlala singashintshiwe, futhi isikhathi siyashintshwa.Isigaba ngasinye sidinga kuphela ishubhu lokushintsha amandla elinomthamo omncane, futhi isekethe yokuguqula amandla ilula ngokuqhathaniswa, akukho ukwehluleka okuqondile, ukwethembeka okuhle, ukuqalisa okuthambile nokusebenza kwama-quadrant amane kohlelo, namandla okubhuleka anamandla okuvuselela kabusha. .Izindleko ziphansi kunesistimu yokulawula i-inverter ye-AC yezigaba ezintathu ze-induction motor.
b.Isilawuli
Isilawuli siqukethe ama-microprocessors, ama-digital logic circuits nezinye izakhi.Ngokokufaka komyalo womshayeli, i-microprocessor ihlaziya futhi icubungule indawo ye-rotor yemoto ephakelwa umtshina wendawo kanye nomtshina wamanje ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi yenza izinqumo ngokuphazima kweso, futhi ikhiphe uchungechunge lwemiyalo yokubulawa ukuze lawula umshini wokungafuni ukushintshwa.Ukujwayela ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.Ukusebenza kwesilawuli kanye nokuvumelana nezimo kokulungiswa kuncike ekusebenzisaneni kokusebenza phakathi kwesofthiwe nehadiwe ye-microprocessor.
c.Umtshina wesikhundla
Ama-motor ashintshayo anokungabaza adinga izitholi zokunemba eziphezulu ukuze zinikeze uhlelo lokulawula amasignali ezinguquko endaweni, isivinini kanye namanje we-motor rotor, futhi zidinga imvamisa yokushintsha ephezulu ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo we-switched reluctance motor.
2.4.3 Amaphutha Ezimoto Ezishintshayo Ezithikamezayo
Isistimu yokulawula ye-switched reluctance motor iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokulawula zamanye ama-motor.Umtshina wesikhundla uyingxenye esemqoka yemoto yokunqikaza eshintshiwe, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kunethonya elibalulekile ekusebenzeni kokulawula kwe-switched reluctance motor.Njengoba i-switched reluctance motor iyisakhiwo esiphindwe kabili, kunokuguquguquka kwetorque ngokungenakugwenywa, futhi umsindo uwububi obukhulu benjini eshintshayo yokungafuni.Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lweminyaka yamuva lukhombisile ukuthi umsindo wenjini eshintshayo yokungabaza ungacindezelwa ngokuphelele ngokwamukela ukuklama okunengqondo, ukukhiqiza nokulawula ubuchwepheshe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-torque ye-torque eshintshiwe yokunqikaza kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-DC yamanje yesiguquli samandla, i-capacitor yokuhlunga enkulu idinga ukufakwa ebhasini le-DC.Izimoto zamukele amamotho kagesi ahlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukene zomlando, zisebenzisa i-DC motor enokulawula okuhamba phambili nokusebenza nezindleko eziphansi.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezimoto, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imishini, ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ama-AC motors.Izinjini ezihlala unomphela ezisebenza ngozibuthe ezinamabhulashi e-DC kanye nama-motor ashintshayo abonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunamamotho e-DC, futhi lawa mamotho kancane kancane angena esikhundleni samamotho e-DC ezimotweni zikagesi.Ithebula 1 liqhathanisa ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwamamotho kagesi ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi zesimanje.Njengamanje, izindleko zamamotho ashintshayo amanje, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo, ama-switched reluctance motors kanye nemishini yawo yokulawula zisaphezulu kakhulu.Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, izintengo zalawa ma-motor kanye namadivayisi okulawula amayunithi azokwehla ngokushesha, okuzohlangabezana nezidingo zezinzuzo zezomnotho futhi kwenze inani lentengo yezimoto zikagesi zehliswe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2022