Izimoto zikagesi ikakhulukazi zakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: isistimu yokushayela imoto, isistimu yebhethri kanye nesistimu yokulawula imoto.I-motor drive system iyingxenye eguqula ngokuqondile amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini, anquma izinkomba zokusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi.Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwe-drive motor kubaluleke kakhulu.
Emvelweni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izimoto zikagesi nazo seziphenduke indawo yokucwaninga eminyakeni yamuva.Izimoto zikagesi zingafinyelela ku-zero noma ukukhishwa okuphansi kakhulu kuthrafikhi yasemadolobheni, futhi zibe nezinzuzo ezinkulu emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Wonke amazwe asebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi.Izimoto zikagesi ikakhulukazi zakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: isistimu yokushayela imoto, isistimu yebhethri kanye nesistimu yokulawula imoto.I-motor drive system iyingxenye eguqula ngokuqondile amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini, anquma izinkomba zokusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi.Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwe-drive motor kubaluleke kakhulu.
1. Izidingo zezimoto zikagesi zama-drive motors
Njengamanje, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemoto kagesi ikakhulukazi kubheka izinkomba zokusebenza ezintathu ezilandelayo:
(1) Ubukhulu bemayela (km): ibanga eliphakeme lemayela lemoto kagesi ngemva kokuba ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele;
(2) Amandla okusheshisa (s): isikhathi esincane esidingekayo ukuze imoto kagesi isheshise isuke lapho imile iye ejubaneni elithile;
(3) Isivinini esikhulu (km/h): isivinini esiphezulu imoto kagesi engafinyelela kuyo.
Izimoto eziklanyelwe izici zokushayela zezimoto zikagesi zinezidingo ezikhethekile zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini zezimboni:
(1) Injini yokushayela imoto kagesi imvamisa idinga izimfuneko eziphezulu zokusebenza okuguquguqukayo ukuze kuqaliswe njalo/ukuma, ukusheshisa/ukwehlisa ijubane, nokulawula ithoshi;
(2) Ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo semoto yonke, ukudluliswa kwesivinini esikhulu kuvame ukukhanselwa, okudinga ukuthi injini inikeze i-torque ephakeme ngesivinini esiphansi noma lapho ikhuphuka i-slope, futhi ngokuvamile ingamelana izikhathi ezingu-4-5. ukugcwala ngokweqile;
(3) Ibanga lokulawula isivinini liyadingeka ukuba libe likhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukugcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu phakathi kwalo lonke uhla lokulawula isivinini;
(4) Injini yenzelwe ukuthi ibe nesivinini esikalwe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-aluminium alloy casing isetshenziswa ngangokunokwenzeka.I-motor-speed motor incane ngobukhulu, okwenza kube lula ukunciphisa isisindo sezimoto zikagesi;
(5) Izimoto zikagesi kufanele zibe nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla futhi zibe nomsebenzi wokubhuleka ukubuyisela amandla.Amandla atholwe ngokubhuleka kabusha kufanele ngokuvamile afinyelele ku-10% -20% wawo wonke amandla;
(6) Indawo yokusebenza yemoto esetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inokhahlo, idinga ukuthi injini ibe nokwethembeka okuhle nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto azikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu.
2. Izinjini zokushayela eziningana ezivame ukusetshenziswa
2.1 DC motor
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi, izimoto eziningi zikagesi zazisebenzisa ama-DC motors njengama-drive motors.Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe bezimoto seluvuthiwe, lunezindlela zokulawula ezilula kanye nokulawulwa kwejubane okuhle kakhulu.Bekukade kusetshenziswe kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto ezilawula isivinini..Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi semishini ye-DC motor, njengalokhu: amabhulashi kanye nabagibeli bemishini, umthamo wayo wokugcwala ngokushesha kanye nokwenyuka okwengeziwe kwejubane lemoto kunqunyelwe, futhi esimweni somsebenzi wesikhathi eside, ukwakheka kwemishini injini izoba Ukulahlekelwa kuyakhiqizwa futhi izindleko zokuyilungisa ziyakhuphuka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho injini isebenza, izinhlansi ezivela emabhulashini zenza i-rotor ishise, ilahle amandla, yenze kube nzima ukukhipha ukushisa, futhi ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic high-frequency, okuthinta ukusebenza kwemoto.Ngenxa yokushiyeka okungenhla kwama-DC motors, izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zamanje ziye zawaqeda ngokuphelele ama-DC motors.
2.2 AC motor asynchronous
I-AC asynchronous motor wuhlobo lwemoto olusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini.Ibonakala ngokuthi i-stator ne-rotor zenziwe nge-silicone amashidi ensimbi.Zombili iziphetho zihlanganiswe nekhava ye-aluminium., ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuqina, ukugcinwa okulula.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini ye-DC yamandla afanayo, i-AC asynchronous motor isebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi isisindo sicishe sibe yisigamu esilula.Uma kwamukelwa indlela yokulawula yokulawula i-vector, ukulawuleka kanye nebanga elibanzi lokulawula isivinini eliqhathaniswa nelemoto ye-DC lingatholakala.Ngenxa yobuhle bokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, amandla athile aphezulu, nokufaneleka kokusebenza kwesivinini esikhulu, ama-AC asynchronous motors angamamotho asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu.Njengamanje, ama-asynchronous motors e-AC akhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo evuthiwe ongakhetha kuzo.Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, i-rotor ye-motor ishisa kakhulu, futhi injini kufanele ipholile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokushayela nokulawula lwe-asynchronous motor luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi izindleko zomzimba wemoto nazo ziphezulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto kazibuthe unomphela kanye nokushintshashintsha kokungabaza Kumamotho, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuminyana kwamandla wamamotho asynchronous kuphansi, okungahambisani nokuthuthukisa imayela eliphezulu lezimoto zikagesi.
2.3 Unomphela uzibuthe motor
Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngamagagasi ahlukene amanje we-stator windings, eyodwa iyi-brushless DC motor, ene-rectangular pulse wave current;enye iyinjini ye-synchronous kazibuthe ehlala njalo, ene-sine wave current.Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamamotho ziyefana ngokuyisisekelo ngesakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.Ama-rotor angamazibuthe ahlala njalo, anciphisa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa injabulo.I-stator ifakwe nama-winding ukuze ikhiqize i-torque ngokusebenzisa i-alternating current, ngakho ukupholisa kulula.Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwemoto aludingi ukufaka amabhulashi kanye nesakhiwo sokushintshwa kwemishini, azikho izinhlansi zokushintsha ezizokhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukusebenza kuphephile futhi kuthembekile, ukugcinwa kulula, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla liphezulu.
Isistimu yokulawula yemoto kazibuthe unomphela ilula kunesistimu yokulawula ye-AC asynchronous motor.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokunqunyelwa kwenqubo yempahla kazibuthe unomphela, ububanzi bamandla emoto kazibuthe unomphela mancane, futhi amandla amakhulu ngokuvamile angamashumi ezigidi kuphela, okuwububi obukhulu bemoto kazibuthe unomphela.Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto ezihlala unomphela uzibuthe ku-rotor zizoba nesenzakalo sokubola kazibuthe ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, ukudlidliza kanye ne-overcurrent, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, injini yamagnetic unomphela ijwayele ukulimala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yezinto ezisetshenziswa uzibuthe unomphela iphezulu, ngakho-ke izindleko zayo yonke imoto nohlelo lwayo lokulawula ziphezulu.
2.4 I-Switched Reluctance Motor
Njengohlobo olusha lwemoto, imotor eshintshashintshayo yokunqikaza inesakhiwo esilula kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamamotho okushayela.I-stator ne-rotor zombili izakhiwo ezibukhali ezenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon evamile.Asikho isakhiwo ku-rotor.I-stator ifakwe ukugoqa okugxilile okulula, okunezinzuzo eziningi ezifana nesakhiwo esilula nesiqinile, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, isisindo esincane, izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuphakama okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, nokugcinwa okulula.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokulawulwa kahle kohlelo lokulawula isivinini se-DC, futhi ifanele izindawo ezinokhahlo, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njengemoto yokushayela ezimotweni zikagesi.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi njengamamotho kagesi okushayela imoto kagesi, ama-DC motors namamotho kazibuthe unomphela anokungaguquguquki kahle esakhiweni kanye nendawo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ethambekele ekuhlulekeni kwemishini kanye ne-demagnetization, leli phepha ligxile ekwethulweni kwama-switched reluctance motors kanye nama-AC asynchronous motors.Uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini, unezinzuzo ezisobala kulezi zici ezilandelayo.
2.4.1 Ukwakheka komzimba wemoto
Isakhiwo se-squirrel-cage motor induction silula kune-squirrel-cage induction motor.Inzuzo yayo evelele ukuthi akukho ukuvunguza ku-rotor, futhi yenziwa kuphela ngamashidi ensimbi ajwayelekile e-silicon.Iningi lokulahlekelwa kwayo yonke imoto kugxile ekungeneni kwe-stator, okwenza injini ibe lula ukuyikhiqiza, inokwahlukanisa okuhle, kulula ukupholisa, futhi inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokukhipha ukushisa.Lesi sakhiwo semoto singanciphisa ubukhulu nesisindo semoto, futhi singatholakala ngevolumu encane.amandla amakhulu okukhipha.Ngenxa yokunwebeka okuhle kwemishini ye-motor rotor, ama-motor ashintshayo anokungabaza angasetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwe-ultra-high-speed.
2.4.2 Isekhethi ye-motor drive
Isigaba samanje sesistimu ye-switched reluctance motor drive ayifani futhi ayihlangene nesiqondiso se-torque, futhi idivayisi eyodwa kuphela yokushintsha eyinhloko engasetshenziswa ukuhlangabezana nesimo sokusebenza se-motor ezine-quadrant.Isifunda sokuguqula amandla sixhunywe ngokuqondile ochungechungeni ngokuvuthwa kwe-excitation ye-motor, futhi isifunda ngasinye sesigaba sinikeza amandla ngokuzimela.Ngisho noma ukujika kwesigaba esithile noma isilawuli se-motor sihluleka, sidinga kuphela ukumisa ukusebenza kwesigaba ngaphandle kokubangela umthelela omkhulu.Ngakho-ke, kokubili umzimba we-motor kanye nesiguquli samandla kuphephe kakhulu futhi kunokwethenjelwa, ngakho-ke kulungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo kunemishini ye-asynchronous.
2.4.3 Izici zokusebenza kohlelo lwezithuthuthu
Amamotho ashintshayo anokungabaza anemingcele eminingi yokulawula, futhi kulula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwamaquadrant amane ezimoto zikagesi ngokusebenzisa amasu okulawula afanelekile kanye nomklamo wesistimu, futhi angagcina ikhono elihle kakhulu lokubhuleka ezindaweni zokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu.Ama-motor ashintshayo ashintshashintshayo awagcini nje ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kodwa futhi agcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu phezu kohlu olubanzi lokulawulwa kwejubane, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokushayela izithuthuthu.Lokhu kusebenza kulungele kakhulu ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi, futhi kunenzuzo kakhulu ukuthuthukisa uhla lokuhamba lwezimoto zikagesi.
3. Isiphetho
Inhloso yaleli phepha ukubeka phambili izinzuzo zokushintshwa kwemoto enqena njengenjini yokushayela ezimotweni zikagesi ngokuqhathanisa amasistimu okulawula isivinini semoto ajwayele ukusetshenziswa, okuyindawo yocwaningo ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zikagesi.Kulolu hlobo lwemoto ekhethekile, kusenendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo ezisebenzayo.Abacwaningi badinga ukwenza imizamo eyengeziwe yokwenza ucwaningo lwethiyori, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izidingo zemakethe ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwemoto ekusebenzeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2022