Imoto kazibuthe ehlala njalo isebenzisa omagnethi baphakade ukuze ikhiqize amandla kazibuthe enjini, ayidingi amakhoyili avusa amadlingozi noma i-excitation current, inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nesakhiwo esilula, futhi iyimoto enhle yokonga amandla.Ngokufika kwezinto ezisebenza kahle zikazibuthe ezinomphela kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokulawula.Ukusetshenziswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela kuzoba banzi. 
Umlando wokuthuthuka wemoto kazibuthe unomphela Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela kuhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa unomphela uzibuthe.izwe lami izwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuthola izakhiwo kazibuthe unomphela uzibuthe materials futhi ukuzisebenzisa ukuzijayeza.Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, izwe lakithi lasebenzisa izakhiwo kazibuthe wezinto ezihlala unomphela uzibuthe ukwenza ikhampasi, eye yadlala indima enkulu ekuhambeni, ezempi nakweminye imikhakha.Isibe ngenye yezinto ezine ezinkulu eziqanjiwe ezweni lami lasendulo. Injini yokuqala emhlabeni eyavela ngeminyaka yawo-1820s kwakuyimoto kazibuthe ehlala njalo enensimu kazibuthe evusa amadlingozi ekhiqizwa uzibuthe ongunaphakade.Kodwa-ke, izinto ezihlala unomphela zikazibuthe ezazisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyi-magnetite yemvelo (Fe3O4), enezinga eliphansi kakhulu lamandla kazibuthe, futhi injini eyenziwe ngayo yayiyinqwaba, futhi ngokushesha yathathelwa indawo yinjini yokuvuselela amandla kagesi. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamamotho ahlukahlukene kanye nokusungulwa kwezibuthe zamanje, abantu benze ucwaningo olunzulu ngomshini, ukwakheka kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela, futhi bathole ngokulandelana i-carbon steel ne-tungsten steel (umkhiqizo omkhulu wamandla kazibuthe. icishe ibe ngu-2.7 kJ/m3), insimbi ye-cobalt (umkhiqizo omkhulu wamandla kazibuthe cishe u-7.2 kJ/m3) nezinye izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo. Ikakhulukazi, ozibuthe be-AlNiCo abanomphela abavela ngawo-1930 (umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe omkhulu ungafinyelela ku-85 kJ/m3) kanye nezizibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-ferrite ezavela ngawo-1950 (umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe omkhulu manje ungafinyelela ku-40 kJ/m3) izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene kazibuthe.Ngokuthuthuka okukhulu, amamotho ahlukahlukene amancane namancane asebenzise ukuvuswa kazibuthe unomphela.Amandla ezinjini zikazibuthe unomphela mancane njengama-milliwatts ambalwa futhi makhulu amashumi ama-kilowatts.Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezempi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nezolimo kanye nempilo yansuku zonke, futhi okukhiphayo kuye kwanda kakhulu.Ngokuhambisanayo, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuye kwenziwa impumelelo kuthiyori yokuklama, indlela yokubala, imagnetization kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bamamotho kazibuthe unomphela, kanye nesethi yokuhlaziya nezindlela zocwaningo ezimelelwe umdwebo osebenzayo wezibuthe unomphela. 
Kodwa-ke, ukuphoqelelwa kozibuthe be-AlNiCo unomphela kuphansi (36-160 kA/m), futhi ukuminyana kwe-ferrite okuhlala njalo akuphakeme (0.2-0.44 T), okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwabo kumamotho.Kuze kube yiminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1980, omagnethi baphakade be-cobalt bomhlaba obuyivelakancane kanye nozibuthe be-neodymium iron boron unomphela (bobabili babizwa ngokuthi omazibuthe bomhlaba abayivelakancane) baphuma ngokulandelana, nokuxineka kwabo okuphezulu, ukucindezelwa okuphezulu, umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu kanye ne-linear demagnetization. ijika.Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu kazibuthe zemoto kazibuthe unomphela zifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukwenziwa kwezinjini zikagesi, ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela kungene esikhathini esisha somlando. Izimpawu nokusetshenziswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho kagesi avusa amadlingozi, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo, ikakhulukazi amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela angajwayelekile, anezinzuzo ezisobala njengesakhiwo esilula nokusebenza okuthembekile;usayizi omncane kanye nesisindo esincane;ukulahlekelwa okuphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu;ukuma kanye nosayizi motor kungaba nezimo futhi ezihlukahlukene..Ngakho-ke, uhla lwezicelo lubanzi kakhulu, luhlanganisa cishe yonke imikhakha ye-aerospace, ukuvikela izwe, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni nezolimo kanye nempilo yansuku zonke.Izici eziyinhloko zama-motor kazibuthe amaningana avamile kanye nezicelo zawo eziyinhloko zichazwe ngezansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nejeneretha yendabuko, ijeneretha kazibuthe ehambisanayo ehlala njalo yejeneretha kazibuthe yomhlaba engavamile ayidingi indandatho yokuqoqa kanye nedivayisi yebhulashi, futhi inesakhiwo esilula futhi inciphisa izinga lokuhluleka.Ukusetshenziswa kozibuthe bomhlaba abangajwayelekile kungakhuphula igebe lomoya kazibuthe, kukhuphule isivinini semoto kube ivelu elifanele, futhi kuthuthukise isilinganiso samandla ukuya kubuningi.Cishe wonke amajeneretha asetshenziswa endizeni yesimanje kanye ne-aerospace asebenzisa amajeneretha kazibuthe omhlaba ayivelakancane.Imikhiqizo yayo ejwayelekile ingu-150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r/min～21 000 r/min kanye no-100 kVA 60 000 r/min amajeneretha asebenza ngozibuthe e-cobalt ahlala unomphela ahlanganiswa yiGeneral Electric Company yase-United States.Injini yokuqala kazibuthe yomhlaba engavamile eyakhiwe eShayina ingu-3 kW 20 000 r/min unomphela ozibuthe generator. 
Ijeneretha kazibuthe ehlala njalo iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-exciter eyisiza ye-generator ye-steam turbine generator.Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, izwe lami lathuthukisa ngempumelelo i-40 kVA ~ 160 kVA yomhlaba eyivelakancane eyizibuthe eyi-auxiliary exciter enamandla amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi.Thuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwesiteshi sikagesi. Njengamanje, amajeneretha amancane ashayelwa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zemithombo yamandla ezimele, amajeneretha kazibuthe angapheli wezimoto, kanye namajeneretha omoya amancane azibuthe ahlala unomphela ashayelwa ngokuqondile izinjini zomoya ayathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Indima ebalulekile yamamotho kazibuthe unomphela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yohlelo lokusebenza 1 Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela angawonga amandla asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa, njengama-synchronous motors ahlala unomphela kamagnethi wezimboni zendwangu nezamakhemikhali, i-petroleum, izimayini, amamotho ayivelakancane azibuthe ahlala unomphela emishinini yokuthutha yezimayini zamalahle, umhlaba ongajwayelekile uzibuthe. ama-synchronous motors ukushayela amaphampu ahlukahlukene nabalandeli. 2 Izinjini zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ezingavamile ezisetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto (izimoto, izithuthuthu, izitimela), kanye namamotho kazibuthe omhlaba angavamile ayimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke.Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-70% wezimotho zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni.Ezimotweni zikanokusho, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zama-motors ezisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene.Njengoba izidingo zamamotho ahlukahlukene ezimoto zihlukile, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa uzibuthe unomphela kuhlukile.Ozibuthe bezimoto basetshenziswa kuma-air conditioner, izifeni namafasitela kagesi.Ngokombono wentengo, izinzuzo ze-ferrite zizoqhubeka esikhathini esizayo.Amakhoyili okubasayo, amadrayivu, nezinzwa zisasebenzisa omazibuthe be-Sm-Co sintered.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zezimoto, kodwa futhi izimoto zikagesi azikwazi ukunganakwa, njengezimoto ezinobungani bemvelo (EV) kanye ne-hybrid kagesi (HEV). 3 Isistimu kazibuthe yomhlaba engavamile ye-AC servo Isethi yemishini yokuhlanganisa i-electromechanical ene-electronic, ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nesistimu yokulawula isivinini.Uhlelo luwumzimba ozilawulayo ozilawulayo ozibuthe ovumelanayo.Uhlelo lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuguquguqukayo;futhi nasezimotweni zikagesi, esikhundleni sezimoto zendabuko ezinamandla ashisayo, ukuze kube nenkululeko yokukhishwa kwezimoto.I-Rare Earth unomphela uzibuthe motor iyimboni ethembisayo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. 4 Inkambu entsha yenzelwe ukusekelwa kwamandla aphansi omhlaba ongajwayelekile uzibuthe oguquguqukayo we-synchronous motor variable frequency control system yama-air conditioner amasha neziqandisi, amagajethi kagesi angenawaya ezinhlobonhlobo ze-DC micro motors ezingavamile, umhlaba ongavamile uzibuthe unomphela. Ama-DC motors angamathuluzi anamandla ahlukene.Amamotho anjalo nawo adingeka kakhulu. 5 Izinto zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ezinezinzuzo ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace zizenza zifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aero-injini.Nakuba kunezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamamotho kazibuthe omhlaba ayivelakancane emoyeni (njengamandla kagesi ejeneretha kanye nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane, njll.), ochwepheshe ekhaya naphesheya bayavuma ukuthi izinjini zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ziyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha. izinjini ze-aero. udaba lwezindleko
Izinjini zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo zeFerrite, ikakhulukazi izinjini ze-DC ezihlala njalo zikazibuthe, zisetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esilula nenqubo, isisindo esincishisiwe, futhi ngokuvamile isamba sezindleko eziphansi kunezinjini ezivusa amadlingozi zikagesi.Njengoba omazibuthe basemhlabeni abangavamile basabiza kakhulu okwamanje, izindleko zamamotho kazibuthe asemhlabeni angavamile ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunalezo zamamotho ashukumisayo kagesi, okudingeka anxeshezelwe ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu nokonga kwezindleko zokusebenza.
Kwezinye izikhathi, njengama-coil motors we-computer disk drives, ukusebenza kwamagnetic unomphela we-NdFeB kuyathuthukiswa, ivolumu nesisindo kuncipha kakhulu, futhi izindleko eziphelele ziyancipha.Ekwakhiweni, kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kanye nentengo ngokuya ngezikhathi ezithile zokusetshenziswa nezimfuneko ukuze unqume ukukhetha, kodwa futhi nokusungula inqubo yesakhiwo kanye nokwenza kahle kwedizayini ukuze kwehliswe izindleko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2022