Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezintsha zikagesi ezihlanzekile, isilawuli semoto i-VCU, isilawuli semoto i-MCU kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri i-BMS yizona zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezinomthelela omkhulu emandleni, emnothweni, ekuthembekeni nasekuphepheni. imoto.Umthelela obalulekile, kusekhona izithiyo ezithile zobuchwepheshe ezinhlelweni zamandla amathathu ayinhloko emoto, ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi nebhethri, okubikwa kuma-athikili amangalisayo.Into engashiwongo wumshini ozishintshayo ozishintshayo, kungathi awukho, kukhona u-gearbox kuphela, awukwazi ukubanga umsindo.
Emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke weGatsha Lobuchwepheshe Begiya leNhlangano YamaShayina Yonjiniyela Bezimoto, isihloko sokushintshwa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi okuzenzakalelayo sivuse isasasa elikhulu phakathi kwababambe iqhaza.Ngokombono, izimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile azidingi ukudluliselwa, kuphela i-reducer ene-fixed ratio.Namuhla, abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zidinga ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo.Kungani kunjalo?Isizathu esenza abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi ezifuywayo benze izimoto zikagesi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa ikakhulukazi ngoba abantu ekuqaleni babengaqondi ukuthi izimoto zikagesi azidingi ukuhanjiswa.Khona-ke, akubizi kakhulu;ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zokudluliswa kwezimoto ezizenzakalelayo kusesezingeni eliphansi, futhi akukho ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okufanele ongakhetha kukho.Ngakho-ke, "Izimo Zezobuchwepheshe Zezimoto Ezingangeni Zikagesi Ezihlanzekile" ayisho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezizenzakalelayo, futhi ayisho imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwamandla.I-fixed ratio reducer inegiya elilodwa kuphela, ukuze i-motor ivamise ukuba endaweni esebenza kancane, engachithi nje amandla ebhethri ayigugu, kodwa futhi ikhulise izidingo ze-traction motor futhi inciphise uhla lokushayela kwemoto.Uma ifakwe umshini ozishintshayo, isivinini semoto singashintsha isivinini sokusebenza semoto, sithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle, ukonga amandla kagesi, sikhulise ibanga lokushayela, futhi sikhulise ikhono lokukhuphuka ngamagiya anesivinini esiphansi.
USolwazi Xu Xiangyang, isekela lomphathi weSikole Sesayensi Yezokuthutha Nobunjiniyela, eNyuvesi yaseBeihang, engxoxweni nezintatheli: “Ukuhanjiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngamajubane amaningi kunamathuba amaningi emakethe.”Imoto kagesi yezimoto zabagibeli zikagesi ezihlanzekile inetorque enkulu enesivinini esiphansi.Ngalesi sikhathi, injini Ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kagesi kuphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke imoto kagesi idla ugesi omningi lapho iqala, isheshisa futhi ikhuphuka imimango ngesivinini esiphansi.Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-gearbox ukunciphisa ukushisa kwemoto, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwandisa ibanga lokuhamba, nokuthuthukisa amandla emoto.Uma singekho isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla, amandla enjini angancishiswa ukuze kuqhubeke ukonga amandla, kuthuthukiswe ibanga lokuhamba ngomkhumbi, futhi kwenziwe lula uhlelo lokupholisa lwenjini ukuze kwehliswe izindleko.Kodwa-ke, lapho imoto kagesi iqala ngesivinini esiphansi noma ikhuphuka endaweni eyimmango, umshayeli ngeke abe nomuzwa wokuthi amandla awanele futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho imoto kagesi ehlanzekile idinga ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo.
Umbhali we-Sina u-Wang Huaping 99 uthe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukwelula ibanga lokushayela kuyisihluthulelo sokuduma kwezimoto zikagesi.Uma imoto kagesi ifakwe umshini wokudlulisa, ibanga lokushayela linganwetshwa okungenani ngo-30% ngomthamo webhethri ofanayo.Leli phuzu lokubuka liqinisekiswe ngumlobi lapho exhumana nabakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi eziningana.I-BYD's Qin ifakelwe i-dual-clutch automatic transmission eyakhiwe ngokuzimele yi-BYD, ethuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushayela.Kunengqondo ukuthi kuhle ukufaka i-transmission ezimotweni zikagesi, kodwa akekho umenzi wokuyifaka?Iphuzu akukhona ukudluliswa okufanele.
Uma ucabangela kuphela ukusebenza kokusheshisa kwezimoto zikagesi, injini eyodwa yanele.Uma unegiya eliphansi namathayi angcono, ungafinyelela ukusheshisa okuphezulu kakhulu ekuqaleni.Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi uma imoto kagesi ine-gearbox engu-3-speed, ukusebenza kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu.Kuthiwa uTesla useke wacabanga no-gearbox onjalo.Nokho, ukwengeza i-gearbox akukhulisi nje kuphela izindleko, kodwa futhi kuletha ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kokusebenza kahle.Ngisho nogearbox omuhle we-dual-clutch ungafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kuka-90% kuphela, futhi ukwandisa isisindo, okungeke kunciphise amandla kuphela, kuzokwandisa nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.Ngakho-ke kubonakala kungenasidingo ukwengeza u-gearbox ukuze usebenze ngokwedlulele abantu abaningi abangenandaba nawo.Isakhiwo semoto iyinjini exhunywe ochungechungeni nokudluliselwa.Ingabe imoto kagesi ingawulandela lo mbono?Kuze kube manje, alikho icala eliyimpumelelo elike labonwa.Ukuyifaka kusuka emshinini osetshenziswayo wezimoto kukhulu kakhulu, kuyasinda futhi kuyabiza, futhi inzuzo idlula ukulahlekelwa.Uma ingekho efanelekile, i-reducer kuphela ene-fixed speed ratio ingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nayo.
Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwe-multi-speed shifting ukuze kusebenze ukusheshisa, lo mbono akulula ukuwuqaphela, ngoba isikhathi sokushintsha kwebhokisi legiya sizothinta ukusebenza kokusheshisa, futhi amandla azoncishiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintsha, okuholela ekutheni ukushaqeka okukhulu kwe-shift, okuyingozi kuyo yonke imoto.Ukushelela nokunethezeka kwedivayisi kuzoba nomthelela omubi.Uma ubheka isimo sezimoto ezifuywayo, kuyaziwa ukuthi kunzima ukwakha u-gearbox owufanelekela umsebenzi kunenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukwenza lula ukwakheka kwemishini yezimoto zikagesi.Uma u-gearbox unqanyuliwe, kufanele kube nezimpikiswano ezanele zokuwubuyisela emuva.
Ingabe singakwenza ngokuvumelana nemibono yamanje yezobuchwepheshe yomakhalekhukhwini?Izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha zomakhalekhukhwini ziyathuthuka zibheke kuma-multi-core high and low frequency.Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene zibizelwa ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa amaza ahlukahlukene womongo ngamunye ukuze kulawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi akuwona nje umongo owodwa osebenza kahle kakhulu ohamba yonke indawo.
Ezimotweni zikagesi, akufanele sihlukanise injini nesinciphisi, kodwa kufanele sihlanganise injini, isinciphisi nesilawuli semoto ndawonye, isethi eyodwa ngaphezulu, noma amasethi amaningana, anamandla kakhulu futhi enza kahle kakhulu..Isisindo nentengo akubizi kakhulu?
Hlaziya, isibonelo, i-BYD E6, amandla emoto angama-90KW.Uma ihlukaniswe ngamamotho amabili angu-50KW futhi ihlanganiswe ibe yidrayivu eyodwa, isisindo esiphelele semoto siyefana.Ama-motor amabili ahlanganiswe ku-reducer, futhi isisindo sizokhuphuka kancane.Ngaphandle kwalokho, nakuba isilawuli se-motor sinezinjini eziningi, ezilawulwayo zamanje zincane kakhulu.
Kulo mqondo, kwasungulwa umqondo, okwenza umsindo kusinciphisi seplanethi, ukuxhuma injini engu-A egiyeni lelanga, nokuhambisa igiya lendandatho yangaphandle ukuze kuxhunywe enye injini engu-B.Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, ama-motor amabili angatholakala ngokuhlukana.I-speed ratio, bese usebenzisa isilawuli semoto ukubiza amamotho amabili, kunesisekelo sokuthi injini inomsebenzi wokubhuleka uma ingazungezi.Emcabangweni wamagiya eplanethi, ama-motor amabili afakwe kusinciphisi esifanayo, futhi anezilinganiso ezihlukile zejubane.I-motor A ikhethwe nge-speed ratio enkulu, i-torque enkulu kanye nesivinini esincane.Ijubane lemoto engu-B lishesha kunejubane elincane.Ungakhetha injini ngokuthanda kwakho.Ijubane lama-motor amabili lihlukile futhi alihlobene.Ijubane lama-motor amabili liphezulu ngasikhathi sinye, futhi i-torque iyinani elijwayelekile le-torque ephumayo yama-motor amabili.
Kulesi simiso, inganwetshwa ibe ngaphezu kwamamotho amathathu, futhi inombolo ingasethwa njengoba kudingeka, futhi uma injini eyodwa ihlehliswa (i-AC induction motor ayisebenzi), isivinini sokuphuma sibekwe phezulu, futhi kwezinye isivinini esincane, kufanele kwandiswe.Inhlanganisela ye-torque ifaneleka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi ze-SUV nezimoto zezemidlalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-multi-speed automatic transmission, qala uhlaziye amamotho amabili, i-BYD E6, amandla e-motor angu-90KW, uma ihlukaniswe ngama-motor amabili angu-50 KW futhi ihlanganiswe ibe yidrayivu eyodwa, i-A motor ingagijima i-60 K m / H, kanye ne-B motor ingagijima i-90 K m / H, izinjini ezimbili zingagijima ku-150 K m / H ngesikhathi esisodwa.①Uma umthwalo unzima, sebenzisa injini engu-A ukuze usheshise, futhi uma ifinyelela ku-40 K m/H, engeza injini engu-B ukuze ukhuphule isivinini.Lesi sakhiwo sinesici sokuthi isivinini sokuvula, sokuvala, sokumisa kanye nokuzungezisa samamotho amabili ngeke kuhileleke noma kuvinjelwe.Uma injini engu-A inejubane elithile kodwa inganele, injini engu-B ingangezwa ekwenyukeni kwesivinini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.②B motor ingasetshenziselwa isivinini esimaphakathi uma kungekho mthwalo.Injini eyodwa kuphela engasetshenziselwa isivinini esiphakathi nesiphansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo, futhi kusetshenziswa izinjini ezimbili kuphela ngesikhathi esisodwa ukulayisha imithwalo enesivinini esikhulu nesindayo, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokwandisa ibanga lokuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Ekwakhiweni kwayo yonke imoto, ukumiswa kwe-voltage kuyingxenye ebalulekile.Amandla emoto yokushayela yemoto kagesi makhulu kakhulu, futhi i-voltage ingaphezu kwama-volts angama-300.Izindleko ziphezulu, ngoba ukuphakama kwe-voltage yokumelana nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, izindleko ziphezulu.Ngakho-ke, uma isidingo sesivinini singekho phezulu, khetha i-low-voltage.Imoto enesivinini esincane isebenzisa ene-low-voltage.Ingabe imoto enesivinini esiphansi ingagijima ngesivinini esikhulu?Impendulo inguyebo, ngisho noma kuyimoto enejubane eliphansi, inqobo nje uma amamotho amaningana esetshenziswa ndawonye, ijubane elibekwe phezulu lizoba phezulu.Ngokuzayo, ngeke kube nomehluko phakathi kwezimoto zejubane eliphezulu neziphansi, kuphela izimoto zamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi kanye nokucushwa.
Ngendlela efanayo, ihabhu lingabuye lifakwe ama-motor amabili, futhi ukusebenza kuyafana nangenhla, kodwa ukunakwa okwengeziwe kukhokhwa kumklamo.Ngokuphathelene nokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswa imodi yokukhetha eyodwa kanye neyokwabelana, ubukhulu bemoto yakhelwe ngokuya ngezidingo, futhi ifanele izimoto ezincane, izimoto zezentengiselwano, amabhayisikili kagesi, izithuthuthu zikagesi, njll. ., ikakhulukazi amaloli kagesi.Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi komthwalo osindayo nomthwalo omncane.Kukhona amagiya azishintshayo.
Ukusebenzisa ama-motor angaphezu kwamathathu nakho kulula kakhulu ukwenza, futhi nokusabalalisa amandla kufanele kube ngokufanele.Nokho, isilawuli singase sibe nzima kakhulu.Uma isilawuli esisodwa sikhethiwe, sisetshenziswa ngokwehlukana.Imodi evamile ingaba ngu-AB, AC, BC, ABC izinto ezine, ingqikithi yezinto eziyisikhombisa, ezingaqondwa njengezivinini eziyisikhombisa, futhi isilinganiso sesivinini sento ngayinye sihlukile.Into ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziswayo isilawuli.Isilawuli silula futhi sinzima ukusishayela.Idinga futhi ukusebenzisana nesilawuli semoto i-VCU kanye nesilawuli se-BMS sokuphatha amabhethri ukuze ixhumane futhi ilawule ngobuhlakani, okwenza kube lula kumshayeli ukuyilawula.
Mayelana nokuvuselelwa kwamandla, esikhathini esidlule, uma isivinini semoto yemoto eyodwa sasiphezulu kakhulu, i-magnetic synchronous motor unomphela yayinokukhishwa kwe-voltage engu-900 volts ku-2300 rpm.Uma isivinini besiphezulu kakhulu, isilawuli besizolimala kakhulu.Lesi sakhiwo sibuye sibe nesici esiyingqayizivele.Amandla angasatshalaliswa kumamotho amabili, futhi isivinini sawo sokujikeleza ngeke sibe phezulu kakhulu.Ngesivinini esiphezulu, izinjini ezimbili zikhiqiza ugesi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesivinini esiphakathi, injini engu-B ikhiqiza ugesi, futhi ngesivinini esiphansi, i-A motor ikhiqiza ugesi, ukuze ilulame ngangokunokwenzeka.I-Braking energy, isakhiwo silula kakhulu, izinga lokubuyisela amandla lingathuthukiswa kakhulu, ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni esebenza kahle kakhulu, kuyilapho i-spare isendaweni esebenza kahle kakhulu, indlela yokuthola impendulo engcono kakhulu yamandla ngaphansi kwalokhu. izithiyo zesistimu, kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukubhuleka Ukuphepha kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zoguquko lwenqubo amaphuzu okuklama wesu lokulawula impendulo yamandla.Kuncike kusilawuli esihlakaniphile esithuthukile ukuthi siyisebenzise kahle.
Mayelana nokukhishwa kokushisa, umphumela wokukhipha ukushisa wamamotho amaningi mkhulu kakhulu kunowenjini eyodwa.Injini eyodwa inkulu ngosayizi, kodwa umthamo wamamotho amaningi uhlakazekile, indawo engaphezulu inkulu, futhi ukukhishwa kokushisa kuyashesha.Ikakhulukazi, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kanye nokonga amandla kungcono.
Uma isetshenziswa, uma injini yehluleka, injini engeyona enephutha isengakwazi ukushayela imoto iye endaweni okuyiwa kuyo.Eqinisweni, kusenezinzuzo ezingakatholwa.Lobo ubuhle balobu buchwepheshe.
Kusukela kulo mbono, isilawuli semoto i-VCU, i-MCU yesilawuli semoto kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri ye-BMS kufanele futhi ithuthukiswe ngokufanele, ngakho-ke akulona iphupho ukuthi imoto kagesi idlule ijika!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2022