Ngeukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukunakwa okwengeziwe sekukhokhelwe kumabhethri anamandla.Ibhethri, isistimu yokulawula i-motor kanye ne-elekthronikhi yizingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile zezimoto zamandla amasha, lapho ibhethri lamandla liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, okungashiwo ukuthi "inhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha, ngakho-ke yimaphi amabhethri wamandla amasha. izimoto zamandla?Kuthiwani ngezigaba ezinkulu?
1. Ibhethri le-lead-acid
Ibhethri le-lead-acid (VRLA) ibhethri ama-electrode awo enziwe ngokuyinhloko ngomthofu nama-oxides awo, futhi i-electrolyte iyisisombululo se-sulfuric acid.Esimweni sokushajwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode enhle i-lead dioxide, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode engalungile ingumthofu;esimweni esikhishwe, ingxenye eyinhloko yama-electrode amahle nebi i-lead sulfate.Amandla kagesi ebhethri leseli elilodwa lelead-acid angu-2.0V, angashajwa aye ku-1.5V futhi ashajwe.ukuze 2.4V;ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, amabhethri e-lead-acid angu-6 yeseli elilodwa avamise ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni ukuze akhe ibhethri le-lead-asidi engu-12V , kanye no-24V, 36V, 48V, njll.
Njengobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, amabhethri e-lead-asidi asewukuphela kwebhethri lezimoto zikagesi ezingakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokukhipha.Nokho, amandla athile, amandla athile kanye nokuminyana kwamandla amabhethri e-lead-acid kuphansi kakhulu, futhi izimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa lokhu njengomthombo wamandla azikwazi ukuba nesivinini esihle nokuhamba ngomkhumbi.ububanzi .
2. Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium namabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride
Ibhethri le-nickel-cadmium (ibhethri le-Nickel-cadmium, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-NiCd, elibizwa ngokuthi “nye-cad”) ibhethri elidumile.Leli bhethri lisebenzisa i-nickel hydroxide (NiOH) ne-metal cadmium (Cd) njengamakhemikhali ukuze kuphehliswe ugesi.Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kungcono kunamabhethri aneasidi yomthofu, iqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo, ezizongcolisa imvelo ngemva kokusetshenziswa nokushiywa.
Ibhethri le-nickel-cadmium lingashajwa futhi lishajwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-500, okongayo futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside.Ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi kuncane, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuncane, kungashajwa ngokushesha, futhi kunganikeza umthamo omkhulu wamanje womthwalo, futhi uguquko lwe-voltage luncane ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, okuyibhethri elisebenza kahle kakhulu le-DC.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium angakwazi ukumelana nokushajwa ngokweqile noma ukuchithwa ngokweqile.
Ibhethri le-Ni-MH lakhiwe i-hydrogen ion ne-metal nickel, futhi amandla ayo okugodla angaphezulu ngo-30% kunebhethri le-Ni-Cd..
3. Ibhethri ye-lithium
Ibhethri ye-lithium iwuhlobo lwebhethri elisebenzisa insimbi ye-lithium noma i-lithium alloy njengento engalungile ye-electrode futhi isebenzisa isixazululo se-electrolyte esinganamanzi.Amabhethri e-lithium angahlukaniswa cishe abe izigaba ezimbili: amabhethri ensimbi e-lithium namabhethri e-lithium ion..Amabhethri e-lithium-ion awaqukethe i-lithium esimweni sensimbi futhi ayashajwa.
Amabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-manganese dioxide njengento ephozithivu ye-electrode, i-lithium yensimbi noma insimbi yayo yengxubevange njengento engalungile ye-electrode, futhi asebenzisa isixazululo se-electrolyte esinganamanzi.Izinto zebhethri ze-lithium zakhiwa ikakhulukazi: izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, izinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode, isihlukanisi, i-electrolyte.
Phakathi kwezinto ze-cathode, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-lithium cobalt oxide, i-lithium manganate, i-lithium iron phosphate kanye nezinto ze-ternary (ama-polymers we-nickel, i-cobalt ne-manganese).I-electrode esebenzayo ithatha ingxenye enkulu (isilinganiso sobuningi bezinto ezisebenzayo nezingalungile ze-electrode ngu-3: 1 ~ 4: 1), ngoba ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kanye nezindleko zayo. futhi inquma ngokuqondile izindleko zebhethri.
Phakathi kwezinto ze-anode, izinto zamanje ze-anode ngokuyinhloko ziyi-graphite yemvelo kanye ne-graphite yokwenziwa.Izinto ze-anode ezihlolwayo zifaka ama-nitrides, i-PAS, ama-oxide asekelwe ku-tin, ama-alloys ethayela, izinto ze-nano anode, nezinye izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic.Njengenye yezingxenye ezine ezinkulu zebhethri ye-lithium, i-electrode engalungile idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umthamo nokusebenza komjikelezo webhethri, futhi iyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko phakathi nomkhakha webhethri ye-lithium.
I-fuel cell iyithuluzi lokuguqula amandla e-electrochemical elingashi.Amandla amakhemikhali e-hydrogen (kanye namanye amafutha) nomoya-mpilo aguqulwa ngokuqhubekayo abe amandla kagesi.Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukuthi i-H2 i-oxidized ibe i-H+ futhi i-e- ngaphansi kwesenzo se-anode catalyst, i-H+ ifinyelela ku-electrode enhle ngolwelwesi lwe-proton exchange, isabela ne-O2 ku-cathode ukuze ikhiqize amanzi, futhi i-e- ifinyelela ku-cathode ngokusebenzisa isifunda sangaphandle, futhi ukusabela okuqhubekayo kudala zamanje.Nakuba i-fuel cell inegama elithi "ibhethri", ayiyona indawo yokugcina amandlaidivayisi ngomqondo wendabuko, kodwa idivayisi yokukhiqiza amandla.Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-fuel cell nebhethri elivamile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2022