Ngemva kokunqamula ugesi, injini isadinga ukujikeleza isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba ime ngenxa yokungabi namandla kwayo.Ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza, eminye imithwalo idinga ukuthi injini ime ngokushesha, okudinga ukulawula ukubhuleka kwemoto.Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-braking ukunikeza injini i-torque ephambene nendawo lapho ijika khona ukuze ime ngokushesha.Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokubhuleka: i-mechanical braking kanye ne-electrical braking.
I-Mechanical braking isebenzisa ukwakheka kwemishini ukuqedela ukubhuleka.Iningi labo lisebenzisa amabhuleki kagesi, asebenzisa umfutho okhiqizwa ama-spring ukuze acindezele amabhuleki (amabhuleki izicathulo) ukuze enze ukushayisana kwamabhuleki namasondo amabhuleki.I-Mechanical braking inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, kodwa izokhiqiza ukudlidliza uma ibhuleka, futhi i-torque yokubhuleka incane.Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimweni ezine-inertia encane ne-torque.
I-braking kagesi ikhiqiza itorque kagesi ephambene nesiteringi ngesikhathi sokuma kwemoto, esebenza njengamandla okubhuleka ukumisa injini.Izindlela zokubhuleka zikagesi zifaka phakathi i-reverse braking, i-dynamic braking, kanye ne-regenerative braking.Phakathi kwazo, i-reverse connection braking ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo kwama-low-voltage kanye namamotho anamandla amancane;i-regenerative braking inezidingo ezikhethekile zeziguquli zefrikhwensi.Ngokuvamile, izinjini zamandla amancane naphakathi zisetshenziselwa ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo.Ukusebenza kwe-braking kuhle, kodwa izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi igridi yamandla kufanele ikwazi ukukwamukela.Impendulo yamandla ikwenza kungenzeki ukubhuleka izinjini ezinamandla.
Ngokwendawo ye-resistor yokubhuleka, ibhuleki edla amandla ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-DC edla amandla ebhuleki kanye ne-AC edla amandla amabhuleki.I-DC-consuming braking resistor idinga ukuxhunywa ohlangothini lwe-DC lwe-inverter futhi isebenza kuphela kuma-inverter anebhasi elivamile le-DC.Kulokhu, i-AC edla amandla e-braking resistor ixhunywe ngqo kumotho ohlangothini lwe-AC, enobubanzi bokusebenza obubanzi.
I-resistor ye-braking ilungiselelwe ohlangothini lwe-motor ukuze idle amandla emoto ukuze ifinyelele ukuma okusheshayo kwenjini.I-high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker ilungiswa phakathi kwe-braking resistor kanye nenjini.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-vacuum circuit breaker isendaweni evulekile futhi injini ijwayelekile.Ukulawulwa kwesivinini noma ukusebenza kwefrikhwensi yamandla, esimweni esiphuthumayo, i-vacuum circuit breaker phakathi kwemoto nesiguquli sefrikhwensi noma igridi yamandla iyavulwa, futhi i-vacuum circuit breaker phakathi kwemoto kanye ne-braking resistor ivaliwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. i-braking ye-motor yenziwa nge-resistor braking., ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe umphumela wokupaka okusheshayo.Umdwebo womugqa owodwa wesistimu umi kanje:
I-Emergency Brake One Line Diagram
Kwimodi ye-braking ephuthumayo, futhi ngokuya ngezidingo zesikhathi sokuncishiswa, i-excitation current ilungiswa ukuze kulungiswe i-stator current kanye ne-braking torque ye-synchronous motor, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kokunciphisa okusheshayo nokulawulekayo kwenjini.
Kuphrojekthi yombhede wokuhlola, njengoba igridi yamandla embonini ingavumeli impendulo yamandla, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isistimu yamandla ingama ngokuphephile phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo (ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-300) esimweni esiphuthumayo, isistimu yokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo esekelwe kumandla aphikisayo. ukusetshenziswa kwamabhuleki kwalungiswa.
Isistimu yokushayela kagesi ihlanganisa i-inverter enamandla kakhulu, injini enamandla amakhulu kabili edonsa amandla kagesi, idivayisi evusa amadlingozi, amasethi ama-2 wama-braking resistors, kanye namakhabhinethi ama-4 high-voltage circuit breaker.I-inverter ye-high-voltage isetshenziselwa ukuqaphela ukuqala kwefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo kanye nokulawulwa kwejubane lemoto ene-voltage ephezulu.Imishini yokulawula neyokuvusa isetshenziswa ukuze inikeze amandla amanje enjini, futhi amakhabethe ama-high-voltage breaker circuit asetshenziselwa ukubona ukushintshwa kokulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa kanye nokubhuleka kwemoto.
Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, amakhabethe ane-high-voltage AH15 kanye ne-AH25 avuliwe, amakhabethe anamandla kagesi aphezulu i-AH13 ne-AH23 avaliwe, futhi i-resistor yokubopha iqala ukusebenza.Umdwebo we-schematic wesistimu yokubopha imi kanje:
Umdwebo wohlelo lwebhuleki
Imingcele yezobuchwepheshe ye-resistor ngayinye yesigaba (R1A, R1B, R1C, R2A, R2B, R2C,) imi kanje:
- Amandla okubhuleka (aphezulu): 25MJ;
- Ukumelana okubandayo: 290Ω±5%;
- I-voltage elinganiselwe: 6.374kV;
- Amandla alinganiselwe: 140kW;
- Umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile: 150%, 60S;
- I-voltage ephezulu: 8kV;
- Indlela yokupholisa: ukupholisa kwemvelo;
- Isikhathi sokusebenza: 300S.
Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ibhuleki kagesi ukubona ukubhuleka kwamamotho anamandla amakhulu.Kusebenza ukusabela kwezikhali zamamotho ahambisanayo kanye nomgomo wokubhuleka wokusebenzisa amandla ukubhuleka izinjini.
Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokubhuleka, i-torque yokubhuleka ingalawulwa ngokulawula amandla akhona.Ukubhuleka kukagesi kunezici ezilandelayo:
- Inganikeza i-torque enkulu yokubhuleka edingekayo ukuze kubhuleki ngokushesha iyunithi futhi kuzuze umphumela wokubhuleka wokusebenza okuphezulu;
- Isikhathi sokuphumula sifushane futhi ukubhuleka kungenziwa kuyo yonke inqubo;
- Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhuleka, azikho izindlela ezinjengamabhuleki nama-brake rings abangela ukuthi i-mechanical braking system ikhuhlane, okuholela ekuthembekeni okuphezulu;
- Uhlelo lokubhuleka oluphuthumayo lungasebenza lodwa njengohlelo oluzimele, noma lungahlanganiswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokulawula njengesistimu engaphansi, enokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu eguquguqukayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-14-2024