NgoNovemba 2022, ingqikithi yezimoto zamandla ezintsha ezingama-79,935(Izimoto zikagesi ezingama-65,338 kanye nezimoto ezihlanganisiwe eziyi-14,597) zathengiswa e-United States., ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-31.3%, kanye nezinga lokungena kwezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha njengamanje lingama-7.14%.Ngo-2022, kuzothengiswa izimoto zamandla amasha angama-816,154, kanti ivolumu yonyaka ngo-2021 izoba cishe ku-630,000, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngu-900,000 kulo nyaka.
Ngifuna ukuchitha isikhathi ngibheka imakethe yaseMelika, futhi ngibone ukuthi iBiden ingakwazi yini ukuthuthukisa izimoto zamandla amasha e-United States ngemuva kokuphonswa okunjalo.
▲Umfanekiso 1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha e-United States kusukela ngo-2010
I-Inflation Cut Act itshala imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-369 ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi izogxila ekusekeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, futhi siyabona ukuthi le nqubomgomo iphinde ibambe lokho okugxilwe kukho.
◎Ukukhululwa kwentela yemoto entsha:Nikeza ngekhredithi yentela engu-US$7,500 ngemoto ngayinye, futhi uxhaso lusebenza kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023 kuya kuDisemba 2032.Khansela umkhawulo woxhaso lwangaphambilini lwezimoto ezingu-200,000 zabakhi bezimoto.
◎Izimoto ezisetshenzisiwe (ngaphansi kuka-$25,000): Ikhredithi yentela ingu-30% yenani lokuthengisa lemoto endala, enekhephu engu-$4,000, futhi uxhaso lusebenza kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023 kuya kuDisemba 2032.
◎Ikhredithi yentela yengqalasizinda entsha yokushaja amandla yelulelwa ku-2032, kuze kufike ku-30% wezindleko ezingafakwa, futhi umkhawulo ongaphezulu wekhredithi yentela ukhushuliwe kusukela ku-$30,000 yangaphambilini kuya ku-$100,000.
◎U-$1 billion wokuhlanza izimoto ezinzima njengamabhasi esikole, amabhasi namaloli kadoti.
▲Umdwebo 2. Indawo yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha emakethe yase-US
Ingxenye 1
Ukunikezwa Kwezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla Emakethe YaseMelika
Ngokombono wokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo, imakethe yase-US iyivelakancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-LEAF yakwaNissan okwamanje ihamba phambili.
▲Umfanekiso 3.Ukunikezwa komkhiqizo emakethe yase-US
●General Motors
Ngenxa yokukhunjulwa komkhiqizo, umthamo weGeneral Motors ngo-2022 uzoba mncane uma kuqhathaniswa.Umthamo wokukhiqiza ohleliwe ngo-2025 uyisigidi esingu-1, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukhiqize amayunithi angama-600,000.Ngakho-ke, ngo-2023, imikhiqizo ehlanganisa i-EQUINOX kagesi ehlanzekile, i-Blazer EV, njll izokwethulwa ngokulandelana, ngakho-ke umgomo wesigidi esingu-1 ngo-2023-2025 kufanele ufezwe, ngakho-ke ngonyaka ozayo Ingaya ku-200,000, kanye nokuphumayo. ye-Bolt BEV ngokusobala iya ezimotweni ezingu-70,000.
U-2023 useyinkathi yenguquko ye-GM.Ngokuqala kokukhiqiza efekthri yebhethri ehlanganisiwe, ivolumu yonke iyamukeleka.Njengoba umthethosivivinywa uhlukanisa ikhredithi yentela ibe izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo zika-USD 3,750/imoto, izimfuneko zokuhlanganisa zasendaweni zihlongozwa kumabhethri asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi nezinto ezibalulekile nezinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo:
◎U-$3,750 wokuqala/umxhaso wemoto:40% yenani lezinto zebhethri ezibalulekile(kufaka phakathi i-nickel, i-manganese, i-cobalt, i-lithium, i-graphite, njll.)ikhishwa noma icutshungulwe yi-United States noma amazwe asayine izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ne-United States, noma agaywe kabusha eNyakatho Melika.(2023), ingxenye izokhuphuka ngo-10% njalo ngonyaka isuka ku-2024 iye ku-80% ngo-2027.
◎US$3,750 wesibili/umxhaso wemoto:ngaphezu kwama-50% yenani leizingxenye zebhethri(kufaka phakathi ama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile, i-copper foil, i-electrolyte, amaseli ebhethri, namamojula)(2023), 2024-2025 Ingxenye inkulu noma ilingana no-60%, futhi ingxenye izokhuphuka ngo-10% njalo ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2026, ifinyelele ku-100% ngo-2029.
Ngakho-ke, i-GM ingathola uxhaso lwamadola aseMelika angama-3,750 lapha.
▲Umfanekiso 4.General Motors Product Portfolio
●Ford
KwaFord bahlela ukuba namandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka wezimoto zikagesi ezibalelwa ku-600,000 ekupheleni kuka-2023 kanye nezimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ngo-2026.Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wokuhlukaniswa, ukuthengiswa kwe-Ford e-United States kungase kudlule amayunithi angu-450,000 ngo-2023.
◎I-Mustang Mach-E:amayunithi angama-270,000 ngonyaka(INyakatho Melika, i-Europe kanye ne-China, i-United States ingase ibe namayunithi angu-200,000).
◎I-F-150 Lightning:150,000 ngonyaka(I-America esenyakatho).
◎I-E-Transit:Amayunithi ayi-150,000 ngonyaka(INyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amayunithi ayi-100,000 e-US).
◎I-SUV entsha:30,000 amayunithi(IYurophu).
▲Umfanekiso 5.Ukuhlelwa kwamandla okukhiqiza kwaFord
I-Stellantis manje ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili.Ingxenye yokuqala ye-Chrysler.Ngokombono wamanje, amabhethri aseNyakatho Melika awakakalungi okwamanje.Kungenzeka ukuthi isabuswa ama-plug-in hybrids ngo-2023, okungase kuqinise kakhulu amandla e-plug-in e-United States.Inani le-hybrid kagesi ngo-2023.
◎I-Dodge ikhiphe imodeli yayo eyi-hybrid yokuqala eyi-plug-in ye-HORNET, eyakhelwe kuplathifomu eyabelwe i-Alfa Romeo Tonale, kulokhu yethule ingqikithi ye-HORNET R/T plug-in hybrid.
◎IJeep ikhiphe imodeli yayo yokuqala kagesi i-Avenger, eqala kumodeli encane yeSUV kagesi emsulwa(lokhu akuthengiswa e-United States), imodeli yokuqala kagesi ehlanzekile eyethulwe eNyakatho Melika kuzoba yiSUV enkulu ebizwa nge-Recon(I-2024 yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-Recon e-United States).
▲Umfanekiso 6.Iphothifoliyo yemoto entsha ye-Stellantis
Imikhiqizo yaseJapan neSouth Korea yonke ibandakanya uxhaso lokuhlanganisa eNyakatho Melika.
Ingxenye 2
Izithiyo ezisebenzayo zoxhaso
Kusukela e-USuxhaso kuqala lubeka imibandela, kumele ihlangatshezwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ifanelekele ukumenyezelwa:
◎Izimoto ezintsha kumele zihlanganiswe eNyakatho Melika.
◎Kusukela ngo-2025, amaminerali abalulekile amabhethri ngeke akhishwe, acutshungulwe noma agaywe kabusha yizinkampani zangaphandle ezithintekayo ezisohlwini Lomthetho Wokutshalwa Kwengqalasizinda Nokuqashwa;kusukela ngo-2024, izingxenye zebhethri ngeke zenziwe noma zihlanganiswe amabhizinisi angaphandle akhathazekile.
◎Izidingo zentengo yemoto:kulinganiselwe amaloli kagesi, amaveni namaSUV anenani elingekho ngaphezu kuka-$80,000, nama-sedans anenani elingekho ngaphezu kuka-$55,000.
◎Izidingo zemali engenayo yabathengi bezimoto:isamba somkhawulo weholo lomuntu siqu singama-US$150,000, inhloko yekhaya ingama-US$225,000, kanti ifayela elihlanganyelwe lingama-US$300,000.
Kubanikazi be-Tesla e-California, e-USA, lesi simo singase singahlangatshezwana nayo.Umphumela ophelele kulokhu wukubheka amaGeneral Motors amathathu amakhulu ase-US, iFord neStellantis(Chrysler).Ngakho-ke, ukwanda konyaka ozayo kuzoba khona Kuzoba ne-uptick e-Tesla, futhi lezi zinkampani ezintathu zizobona ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo sezimoto.Ngakho-ke, inkinga yamanje emakethe yase-US ibambelele kumthamo wokukhiqiza amabhethri.Ngokungafani neYurophu, eyaqala ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimoto, amandla okukhiqiza amabhethri endawo asala ngemuva.Kulokhu, i-US ibambe izinkampani zezimoto futhi izivumela ukuthi zithuthukise umthamo wokukhiqiza amabhethri endawo.indlela.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi inani eliphelele lezimoto zikagesi ngo-2023 lingase lingabi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.8 ezilindelekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza webhethri awukwazi ukuqhubeka.Ngakho-ke, ngo-2023-2025, umthamo wokuthengisa wemoto yonke kagesi ungalinganiselwa ngokusekelwe ekwandeni komthamo wokukhiqiza amabhethri eNyakatho Melika.Leli yiphuzu lokuqaphela elibaluleke kakhulu.
▲Umfanekiso 7.Ibhethri e-United States seliyindaba eyinhloko
Indaba efingqiwe: Njengamanje, imakethe yezimoto zamandla entsha yaseChina empeleni iphambili emhlabeni iminyaka eminingana.Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu, sishintshela ekumaketheni, futhi sidinga ngempela ukuphuma kule nqubo.Kodwa uma siya kulezi zimakethe, ezisemuva ngeminyaka eminingana futhi zisangena esikhathini sokufukamela ngezimali zikahulumeni, nakanjani sizobhekana nokumelana okuqinile.Lesi yisizathu esifanayo nangesikhathi sisebenzisa imali eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sasingafuni ukuthi izimoto zakwamanye amazwe namabhethri angaphandle bathole uxhaso.Ngezikhathi ezahlukene, indlela yokusebenza idinga ukuhlakanipha okuthile!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-03-2023