Phakathi neminyaka eyi-140 yokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto, amandla amadala namasha ancipha futhi ageleza, futhi isiphithiphithi sokufa nokuzalwa kabusha akukaze kuphele.
Ukuvalwa, ukuqothuka noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani emakethe yomhlaba kuhlale kuletha ukungaqiniseki okuningi kakhulu obungenakukucabanga emakethe yabathengi bezimoto esikhathini ngasinye.
Manje, esigabeni esisha soguquko lwamandla kanye noguquko lwezimboni, lapho amakhosi enkathi endala ekhumula imiqhele yawo ngokulandelana, ukuhlelwa kabusha kanye nokuwohloka kwezinkampani zezimoto ezisafufusa nakho kwenzeka ngokulandelana.Mhlawumbe “ukukhethwa kwemvelo, ukusinda kwabanamandla” “Umthetho wemvelo ungenye indlela yokuwuphinda emakethe yezimoto.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inqubo yokufakwa kukagesi esekelwe e-China igunyaze izinkampani eziningi zezimoto ezincane zendabuko futhi yaqeda iningi labaqagela.Kodwa ngokusobala, njengoba imboni yamandla entsha ingena esigabeni esishisayo, izifundo zomlando zisasitshela ukuthi abantu abasoze bafunda kulokho okwenzeka emlandweni!
Ngemuva kwamagama ka-Bojun, Sailin, Byton, Ranger, Green Packet, njll., okubonakala isithelo esibabayo soguquko lwemboni yezimoto yaseChina.
Ngeshwa, njengokugabadela ngemuva kobuhlungu, ukushona kwalezi zinkampani zezimoto zaseChina akugcinanga nje ngokuhluleka ukuletha ukuqaphela kancane embonini yonke, kodwa kunalokho kunikeze isifanekiso sabadlali abaningi baphesheya okufanele basilandele.
Kungena ngo-2022, abakhiqizi bezimoto ze-PPT nokunye okunjalo bashonile e-China, futhi amandla amasha esigaba sesibili njenge-Weimar ne-Tianji asinda ngaphambili aya ngokuya enkingeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ifuna ukudlula uLucid noRivian, FF noNikola kaTesla, abaziwa njengabaqambimanga, nezinkampani zezimoto ezisafufusa ezivela emhlabeni wonke.Uma kuqhathaniswa "nezimoto ezithengisayo", basayikhathalela indawo ye-Carnival mayelana nenhloko-dolobha.
Njengemakethe yezimoto yaseShayina eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, izungeza imali, ivale umhlaba, futhi izama zonke izindlela “ukudweba uphaya omkhulu”, ukuziphatha okunjalo okudelelwa yiwo wonke umuntu kodwa okuhlale kudonsela ukunaka kwenhloko-dolobha, kuyizigcawu ezifukamelayo imakethe yomhlaba wonke, noma Kuyindida yokwenza imoto enethemba elincane.
Konke kuhambisana "nemali"
Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuhlolwa kwemakethe kanye nokuncintisana ngemali enkulu, kunengqondo ukusho ukuthi i-China isiqedile ukuhlolwa kokufika kwezinkampani ezintsha zamandla.
Okokuqala, isisekelo esikhulu esidingekayo ukuze imakethe yezimoto iqedele ukuguqulwa kwayo ekuguqukeni kwejubane eliphezulu isisunguliwe.Izidingo ezikhulayo zabathengi sekuyisikhathi eside zenza ukuthi inkampani yezimoto esafufusa ingakwazi ukukhomba imakethe nge-capital orientation kuphela.Ubudlelwano obuseduze obunengqondo budinga ukusungulwa phakathi “kokwakha imoto” kanye “nokuthengisa imoto”.Uma ukusekelwa kwemakethe kulahleka, imiphumela edabukisayo iyabonakala.
Okwesibili, ngemva kokunyamalala kwezinzuzo zenqubomgomo yezinkampani zezimoto zendabuko zaseShayina kancane kancane, ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukuhlasela okunodlame ngokwanele kuyo yonke imboni yamandla entsha ngempela akukaze kube khona ngaphambili.
Ezinkampanini zezimoto ezisafufusa ezingenasizinda esithile kanye nezinqolobane zobuchwepheshe, kulesi sigaba, alikho ithuba lokudlula ngentando esele.I-Evergrande Automobile, eyaphahlazeka, iyisibonelo esihle.
Futhi lokhu kungabonisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ngokombono wemakethe yezimoto yaseShayina, ukubheka amandla amasha asavela emakethe yomhlaba wonke, ukuxhamazela nokuphelelwa ithemba akuzona isizinda salezi zinkampani.
ENyakatho Melika, iLucid Motors, ebisebenza phambi kwawo wonke umuntu, isekelwa yiSaudi Arabian Public Investment Fund (PIF).U-Rivian, owake wenza enye ye-IPOs enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wase-United States, uzuze imiphumela ethile ekulethweni kokukhiqiza ngobuningi, kodwa isimo sangempela Nokho, ukubandakanywa kwazo zonke izimakethe zezimoto ezivuthiwe akunamkhawulo kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa.
I-Lucid, esekelwa yizigwili zasendaweni eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ayikwazi ukushintsha ezayo izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu kunemali engenayo.U-Rivian ubanjwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain.Ukusebenzisana kwangaphandle okufana nokukhiqiza amaveni kagesi...
Mayelana namabutho amasha aphesheya kwezilwandle afana noCanoo noFisker esike sawabalula, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amamodeli amasha ukwanelisa umdlandla wababukeli, noma ngabe kuhle ukuthola i-OEM noma ukwakha imboni yokukhiqiza ngobuningi, akukaze kwenziwe. kuze kube manje.Kunenhlansi yezindaba ezinhle ezehlukile kunezokuqala.
Kubonakala kungenangqondo ukuchaza isimo sabo samanje "ngezimpaphe zenkukhu yonke indawo".Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-“Wei Xiaoli” yaseChina, kunzima ngempela ukucabanga igama elingcono lokuyichaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Elon Musk uye waphonsa imibono yakhe esidlangalaleni izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa: Bobabili uLucid noRivian banokuthambekela kokuqothuka.Ngaphandle uma benza izinguquko ezinqala, bonke bazowa.Ake ngibuze, ngabe lezi zinkampani zinalo ngempela ithuba lokujika?
Impendulo ingase yehluke eqinisweni.Asikwazi ukusebenzisa ijubane lokushintsha kwezinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina ukuhlola ijubane loshintsho embonini yezimoto emhlabeni.Lawa mabutho amasha aseMelika alinde ithuba lokungena emakethe wonke afihla ama-chips awo ezingxoxo emakethe.
Kodwa ngincamela ukukholelwa ukuthi inkohliso eyenziwe imboni yamandla entsha iheha kakhulu.Njengemakethe yezimoto yaseShayina ngaleso sikhathi, ukuze kuzuze imali enkulu, abaningi abaqagelayo abazimisele ngokuzama bangayesaba kanjani imakethe.
Njengangaphambi nangemva kombukiso wezimoto waseLos Angeles ngoNovemba, uFisker, obengenazo izindaba isikhathi eside, umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi imodeli yakhe yokuqala yeSUV kagesi, i-Ocean, yafakwa ekukhiqizweni njengoba bekuhleliwe embonini ye-carbon-neutral yaseMagna. Graz, Austria.
Kusukela e-United States kuya emhlabeni, singabona ukuthi amandla amasha okwenza izimoto aqhamuke njengamakhowe ngemva kwemvula.
Imodeli entsha yenkampani yokuqala yaseMelika iDrako Motors-Dragon ikhishwe ngokusemthethweni;ngemuva kwe-ACE ne-Jax, i-Alpha Motor Corporation imemezele umkhiqizo omusha kagesi i-Montage;Ikhishwe esimweni semoto yangempela okokuqala ngqa...
E-Europe, umenzi wezimoto waseScotland uMunro ukhiphe ngokusemthethweni i-Munro Mark 1 ekhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi yayibeka njengemoto ehlanzekile esebenza ngogesi ngaphandle komgwaqo.Izinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Munro Mark 1
Ngalesi simo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izwe langaphandle licabangani ngaso, nginomuzwa owodwa kuphela wokuthi lo mzuzu ufana ncamashí naleso sikhathi, futhi isiphithiphithi saseShayina eminyakeni eminingi edlule siye sakhunjulwa ngokusobala.
Uma la mandla amasha emhlabeni wonke ehluleka ukuguqula amanani, khona-ke "ukufa ukuphindukuzalwa" kuzoqhubeka nokuvala inhlansi yokonakala kulo mbukiso onjengombukiso wemoto entsha.
Ukugembula ngemali enkulu, kuphelelaphi?
Kulungile, u-2022 unyaka wokuqala lapho imakethe yezimoto zamandla entsha yaseChina ingene ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo nokuhlelekile.Ngemva kokulangazelela ukwedlula amajika iminyaka eminingi, imboni yezimoto yaseChina iqede ngempumelelo ukulawula nokuqondisa kokuthambekela okuvamile kwemboni.
Ukufakwa kukagesi okuholwa amandla amasha kucekele phansi futhi kwakha kabusha imithetho ekhona kuyo yonke imboni.Ngenkathi imakethe yasentshonalanga isalwa nobuhlanya bukaTesla, izinkampani ezisafufusa eziholwa "i-Wei Xiaoli" zingene eYurophu nakwezinye izindawo ngokulandelana.
Ngokubona ukwanda kwamandla eChina, abantu bangaphandle abanomuzwa obukhali wokuhogela nakanjani bazolandela eduze.Futhi lokhu kwaholela esenzakalo esihle sokukhula kwemibuso emisha yomhlaba wonke njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambili.
Kusukela e-United States kuya e-Europe, ngisho nakwezinye izimakethe zezimoto, zisebenzisa izikhala lapho izinkampani zezimoto zendabuko zehlulekile ukujika ngesikhathi esifanele, izinkampani zezimoto ezisafufusa zivela ngomzila ongapheli ukuze zibambe amathuba emakethe.
Kodwa nokho umusho ofanayo, zonke izinhlelo ezinezinjongo ezingcolile zizogcina zishaywe yimakethe.Ngakho-ke, ukwahlulela nokubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwamandla amasha aphesheya kwezilwandle ngokusekelwe esimweni sawo samanje akusona isihloko esinempendulo ecacile noma kunjalo.
Asikuphiki ukuthi lapho kubhekwa izitayela ezinkulu zemboni, kuhlale kukhona abafikayo abanenhlanhla yokuthandwa yimakethe yemali.U-Lucid, u-Rivian kanye namanye amabutho amasha ahlala evezwa ngaphansi kokukhanya azuze umusa kwabanye abakhulu, okuwukunakekelwa kokuqala okunikezwa yile makethe.
Uma sibheka phesheya kwezilwandle, ibutho elisha elaphumela obala e-United States lazalelwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
I- "Vietnam Evergrande" yisiteketiso sale nkampani yezimoto ebizwa ngokuthi iVinfast.Yeka ukuthi kujwayeleke kangakanani ukuqala indawo ethengiswayo futhi uthembele kwisitayela esinzima sokuthi "ukuthenga, ukuthenga, ukuthenga".
Kodwa-ke, lapho i-VinFast imemezela ngo-December 7 ukuthi ithumele imibhalo yokubhalisa ye-IPO ku-US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), futhi ihlela ukukleliswa ku-Nasdaq, futhi ikhodi yesitoko "VFS" yabhalwa, ababengasho ukuthi labo ababemagange impumelelo esheshayo Amandla amasha angathola ikusasa elikahle.
Kusukela ngo-2022, indlela imali ebiqashelwe ngayo embonini yamandla entsha isivele ibonakala ekwehleni kwenani lemakethe le-“Wei Xiaoli”.
Esikhathini esimnyama kusukela mhla zingama-23 kuJulayi kuya kuJulayi 27 maphakathi nalo nyaka kuphela, inani lemakethe lika-Weilai lahwamuka ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.736, inani lemakethe lika-Xiaopeng lahwamuka ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.117, futhi inani elifanelekile lemakethe lahwamuka ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.479.
Kusukela lapho, ilebula kamazisi esivele inamandla aphelele yenze kwaba nzima ngalezo zinkampani zezimoto ezithembele kakhulu ezimalini ukuze ziphile.
Ngamanye amazwi, kusukela ekufakweni kwayo ohlwini, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukulinganisa kwezigidigidi ezingu-10 kuzoba ukukhanya nje epanini.Ngaphandle kokusebenza okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-bullish sales superposition, imali eyinhloko ingaba kanjani nokubekezela okungaka.Okwesikhashana, enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kubanda, ngaphezu kokusulwa ngokoqobo, akulula ukuyithola ukuze ifudumale futhi inikeze ukusekela.
Kusenjalo ku-“Wei Xiaoli”, oseke wanqamula inqwaba yezimayini zemakethe.Abasanda kufika abasazama ukuphanga imakethe bakuthathaphi ukuzethemba kwabo?
I-Vinfast ingenye ehamba phambili, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinikele ekuguquleni imboni yezimoto, noma ifuna ukusizakala ngokushisa kwemakethe yamanje ukwenza imali emakethe yenhloko-dolobha, noma ubani oneso lokuqonda angayiboni kanjani.
Ngendlela efanayo, lapho inkampani yezimoto yaseTurkey i-TOGG izama ukubeka iJalimane njengendawo yokuqala yokuya phesheya kwezilwandle, i-Lightyear, inkampani yokuqalisa izimoto zikagesi evela eNetherlands, ngokukhathazeka yakhulula imoto kagesi yelanga ekhiqizwa ngobuningi i-Lightyear 0, kanye ne-French entsha. uhlobo lwemoto iHopium Imoto yokuqala ye-hydrogen fuel cell i-Hopium Machina ikhishwe embukisweni wezimoto waseParis.Inkampani yezimoto zikagesi yasePoland i-EMP ikhethe ukubambisana nabakwa-Geely ukwakha imoto kagesi emsulwa ngaphansi kohlobo lwe-IZERA isebenzisa isakhiwo esikhulu se-SEA.Ezinye izinto zihlale zizicacele.
Okwamanje, abantu abasafufusa abafana noLucid banesibindi sokungena eShayina futhi baqale ukuqasha abasebenzi, noma bahlele ukungena ngokusemthethweni eChina esikhathini esithile esizayo.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babheke phambili kangakanani, ngeke bashintshe iqiniso lokuthi i-China ayidingi izinkampani eziningi zamandla amasha, ingasaphathwa Asikho isidingo samabutho amasha aphesheya kwezilwandle abheka uTesla njengomphikisi kodwa engenayo ilebula yokuncintisana.
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, imakethe yezimoto yaseShayina yabulala izinkampani eziningi kakhulu ezifanayo, futhi inhloko-dolobha kade yabona ubuso bangempela balaba baqageli.
Namuhla, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, lapho amabutho amasha engeziwe aphesheya kwezilwandle eqhubeka nokulandela le ngqondo yokusinda, ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi "ibhamuza" lizoqhuma maduze.
Maduze, umuntu odlala ngemali enkulu uzogcina ehlehliswe yimali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2022